Peter Attia· MD
so you have to get a have to dig a little deeper into the biology for a mutation gives rise to a molecule a protein right it's DNA RNA transcribed translated into a protein for that protein even though it has now a mutation a string of amino acids that are not seen as normal by the body that mutation that abnormal amino acid called a nonsynonymous mutation is only recognized by the immune system if the molecule in which it occurs is broken down inside the cell into small peptides that is small sequences of amino acids or the tumor cell or the antigen presenting cell takes an antigen a protein from the outside of the cell into the cell and breaks it into small peptides strings of amino acids well that has to happen and then one of those strings of amino acids has to fit onto the surface of the patient's own HLA molecule