Peter Attia· MD
because oxygen is one of the limitations and that's comes through whether we we we talk about different kinds of substrate and these kind of things which is still also a place where we we we don't know we are actually doing quite some interesting research on different kinds of of of substrates from from glucose fructose uh have you looked at BHP bet hydroxy butter yes so we looked at BHP as well and and one of the things because the thing here is that if you purely look at the stomry there are interesting thing here but the problem is that we cannot only do stomry we actually need to know the ENT and we also need to know the Gibs free energy that is aail and ideally even the entropy but but not okay so the Gibs free energy if you're making the BHB yourself much more complicated but if you take it purely exogenously and consider it an additional substrate above and beyond glucose do do we do we have reason to believe that we're going to get more ATP per mole of oxygen no because the the the Practical limitation of this is that if we think when you do racing you could have a let's say if you think of this more first first order principle again so if you do racing and this was actually one of my first questions because we have been working together with one of the leading Brands uh on or may arguably the leading one and they are situated here in in the US but one of the one of the um limitations that you have to look at is basically when you are racing this has a certain fuel demand so there's a certain amount of fuel that needs to go through the system there yeah and that means that in in the context when we talk about glucose and fruct we we are looking at basically trying to replace as much as possible we said okay glucose fructose or basically carbohydrate seems to be a very very oxygen efficient fuel source when we when we when you do movement but that means also that in order not to run out of this we're trying to replace as much as possible or this to be able to race faster because if you said this is the certain this is the fuel source I have available in my body I'm going to raise this fast obviously I cannot go faster than this so certain power Dumber certain duration will deplete this energy source or basically bring close to depletion of that Source okay so that means okay instead of then switching to other source or you're basically always using other sources as well but trying to get more from that Source means basically you have to replace more of the power so more of the power now we have to create an environment where more power can come from the same source so that means that for example if you are at around let's say you were originally around at 80 gam or 90 gr let's say 80 g for Simplicity so 80 gram of carbohydrates and you have a biochemical efficiency of 20% for example that means is basically you're getting out or if you say 4.2 let's say you can get basically so 1 G basically would be then the equivalent of let's say one Jew per second one watt more or less like this you can get from that one so if you double this from 80 to 160 now that means basically now you can get double the amount of what's coming from from from carbohydrates yeah the problem with with with ketones is that you the strategy is not to basically fuel the amount you are using in a race you don't fuel with ketones in the same way like if you go to 70 80 or even 100 milliliters of of of of of of Ketone consumption in an hour you're going to have so high levels of ketones in your body that you will start to feel almost like you are getting diabetic like you feel like you're you're Bonk like this state a feel of bonking almost so so the thing that is there is more like it's inducing a state in the body rather than you're actually fueling using it because you in order to fuel so let's say your idea was that you're going to replace what you're losing from your body because that's driving your body also out of homeostasis as well so so you you you're going to try to keep homeostasis as much as possible or try to keep the state of the body as unchanged as possible that would mean that you would need to ingest like so large amount of ketones during a race that that it's it would be crazy and then you have the also the issue with the salt if you're bringing in with a salt versus an EST um okay a couple of things I wanted to chat about so one we talked a little bit about this before but let's kind of go back to it so so in remind me did Christian and Gustaf both compete in Tokyo Olympics no uh yeah both did compete in Tokyo Olympics yes and and how did they do in Tokyo uh Christian won uh Gustav came seventh eightth seven Seventh Place yeah and then they after that Olympics they went back to Iron Man distance for the next three years Y and then gustoff did not compete in Paris he had an injury Christian did I think you said he was 12th correct um and how much of that was the mismatch in distance again he's much more optimized for Iron Man Olympic distan is you know that's like asking a marathon runner to