if you had asked me 15 or 20 years ago when I was really getting started in this field you know um the the kinds of interventions you mentioned caloric restriction that's kind of the gold standard that that we've been studying for many many years are those slowing aging or reversing aging I would have answered their slowing aging right they are you know um decreasing the rate of decline or damage accumulation um what's been really interesting and I think exciting over the last uh 10 years or so is the observation that at least some of these interventions reverse many of the molecular changes that go along with aging and in many cases the functional changes that go along with aging