Isothiocyanates may not be necessary for optimal antioxidant status because exercise, fasting, and heterocyclic amines can also activate the Nrf2 system.

“i think that's pretty good evidence or at least a compelling argument to be made that we don't need compounds like isothiocyanates be it goitrin or sulforaphane to obtain optimal antioxidant status when we have other things in our diet that may be activating the nrf2 system that being exercise fasting even heterocyclic amines from the consumption of meat may do this many things in our diet and lifestyle may trigger the overall production of glutathione containing or manufacturing compounds precursors etc”