Multiple rounds of antibiotics lead to cumulative damage to the microbiota, making it less likely to recover to its previous state.

“They showed that with multiple rounds of antibiotics, with each additional round there is another sort of hit that the microbiota takes that makes it less likely to recover. So with each additional round of antibiotics, they saw like an increase deterioration of the bacterial community that was there in a way that it was not able to go back to the state that it was before.”