Optimal fasting glucose should be below 90 mg/dL, fasting insulin below 6, and at 1 hour post-75g glucose challenge, glucose below 120-130 mg/dL and insulin below 20-30.

“I mean even just looking at something as you know simple I hate to say that but as simple as an oral glucose-tolerance test you look at somebody's fasting glucose and fasting insulin you have some idea of what's going on especially in extremes right so a person who's fasting glucose is 70 milligrams per deciliter and their fasting insulin is one the probability that they're going to have postprandial hyperinsulinemia is low but it's not zero similarly you look at somebody who's fasting glucose is 130 and they're fasting insulin is 30 the likelihood that there's not a trainwreck there is also virtually nil but if you're willing to sample 30 60 90 and a hundred and twenty minutes after a glucose challenge you can develop a very interesting kinetic a pathway using just two or three measurements”