Muscle cells require both central and local signals to determine anabolic or catabolic state.

“So clearly there's things of use and all that. But let's say just in response to nutrition, you kind of want two pieces of information, right? One, you want to know that the organism that you live in as a whole is in the fed state. You want to be a good member of the community. And that is reflected by things like insulin, which basically tells you the pancreas... It's a global metric. Right. Pancreas, saw glucose, we sent out insulin. Yep. And the other one is you actually want to know that you have the nutrient that you need. You could have like central command telling you, hey, I got glucose. But if you don't have glucose, you can't do anything, right? It's a local issue. And so you really want like the central signal and you want the local signal.”