Optogenetics allows for the precise introduction of genes into specific cell types, enabling the use of photons to control neuronal activity.

“you now have the capacity to introduce these options to very specific cells such that you could say two neurons which are different i can put this gene into one and not the other this is unparalleled so you now have this capacity to use photons to turn neurons on and off with precision that could never be achieved anatomically under anatomic resolution”