Exposure to the first wave of the 1918 influenza provided between 59% and 89% protection against the second wave, which is more effective than modern influenza vaccines (10%-62% protection).

“the first wave exposure was very protective against second wave illness a couple of NIH epidemiologists helped me write that paper alone assignments in and cecile the bloob very good the d me ologist on influenza the first wave provided between 59 percent and 89 percent protection against illness that compares to a vaccine today which in the last 20 years has ranged from 10 percent to 62 percent protection so it's much better than a modern vaccine”