Individuals with mental disorders, on average, exhibit dysregulated or abnormal metabolic markers like NAD/NADH ratios, but there is significant overlap with normal controls, making these markers insufficient for diagnosis alone.

“we know that people with mental disorders on average have all of these dysregulated abnormal markers or they're at least slightly different than normal controls the challenge is that there's such a broad range of these metrics in everyone that they're not it's not they don't separate well enough from the normal people”