Some plant defense compounds, like estragole and safrole, have shown clastogenic potential in cell culture studies.

“there's a comp compound called estragal which is found in basil and fennel there's a compound called saffron which is problematic likely for animals and humans in nutmeg mace and black pepper I'll talk about black pepper more in this podcast a bit later you can see there are many of these chemicals listed and in the references you will find that there are some studies like I said that look at the classogenic potential of these the ability of these compounds to break DNA and cell culture”