Paul Saladino· MD
Is it also possible that things associated with cardiovascular disease could be raising TMAO? Yes, and that is what we will see. That is what reverse causality is all about. Is it also possible that when you have kidney disease, you don't excrete as much TMAO, and your TMAO levels rise? Yes. Does that mean TMAO is causing kidney problems, or the kidney problems are causing TMAO to rise? I would say it's the latter.