Paul Saladino· MD
get those unique nutrients and tripe and stomach in connection with liver spleen and pancreas but for anyone to say that honey is causing cavities in these people is to have an incomplete understanding of the literature and the other thing i wanted to show is that tubers are the fallback food and most of the fiber from that is spit out it's spit out now i want to show a few other papers i want to link to that paper i mentioned earlier showing the lack of variation in the alpha diversity of the gut with zero fiber diets because that's an important one so i've quoted this paper before the name of it is diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the gut microbiome if anyone tells you that fiber increases the alpha diversity of the gut you show them this paper and other ones that i mentioned previously showing that removing fiber doesn't decrease the alpha diversity of the gut and there are other interventional papers in which they give people more fruits and vegetables and the alpha diversity doesn't go up either so they basically compared two groups they looked at um a group that was entirely animal based an animal-based diet and a group that was plant-based and what they found if you look at the end of this is that there was no difference in the alpha diversity between these two groups i think that this is a group at harvard that believes that this can't possibly be true or this can't possibly be a good thing so they're writing it in a way that makes it look bad but you can see their plant-based diet animal-based diet here's the fiber intake here's the fat intake here's the protein intake here's the alpha diversity didn't change significantly at all when you remove the fiber and the alpha diversity of the plant-based diet didn't increase you can see the alpha diversity is trending essentially exactly along the same line on these these are the sort of error bars so it gives you a sense of the standard deviations here but you can see the beta diversity actually increased on the animal-based diet beta diversity is interspecies variation alpha diversity is uh variation within a certain ecosystem so that is an interesting thing one interesting piece of this that i would also like to mention is that if you look at the actual microbiome of the heads of hunter gatherers a lot comes out so like i said there's a wet season and a dry season i'm going to show you a paper from justin sonnenberg who's very pro fiber and i want to get on the podcast because i disagree with him strongly about this they show a lot of seasonal variation in the type of organisms in the wet season in the dry season in the dry season they eat a lot more meat and in the wet season they need a lot more berries and or other foods and so there's a real difference in the microbiota composition but what you will find if you look at the hadza microbiome is that they have now remember this is a population of free-living hunter-gatherers that are pretty healthy they don't have rampant inflammatory bowel disease they don't have rampant uh colon cancer that we know of they don't have rampant bowel disease at all anyone would look at them and say they have a healthy gut but if you look at the guts of them of the hunter gatherers from the odds of when they've been analyzed the entire site associated microbiome of hazard hunter gatherers the hadza enterocyte microbiome was characterized by a greater amount of adhesive microorganisms with a pathogenic potential such as proteobacteria uh these are enterococcus clostridium uh sarcina and eracipollo trichiace that's a big one now what's so interesting to me is that these researchers don't seem to be able to see the forest for the trees they justin sonnenberg found the same thing that during the dry season the the microbial composition of the hodds of gut began to look more like a western gut as they ate more meat and so all these researchers just kind of want to go into their echo chamber and say aha we found it they have these pathogen-associated bacteria but the context is being missed the hadza don't have gi disease they don't have inflammatory bowel disease how can we make blanket statements like the proteobacter species or the species or the genus proteobacter excuse me the proteobacter phylum the