Circadian rhythm disruption, such as from jet lag, alters gut microbes and is associated with obesity.

“That ratio goes in a balance that you don't want. So, typically, in sort of obese people or people with diabetes, you get a higher ratio of the firmicutes relative to the bacteriodetes. When you modulate sleep and you shortchange sleep or you put sleep on a jet like profile, that's exactly the same gut microbiome sort of dysregulation profile that you see.”