Calcineurin inhibitors like cyclosporine and tacrolimus affect immunophilins, cytokine activation, and T-cell receptor binding affinity.

“there you know there's actually some interesting uh debate about how the calcineurine inhibitors so cyclosporine and then its eventual cousin tachyclimus um works you know they both uh function at the level of what are called immunophyllons these you know soluble uh intracellular components and and although they affect both kind of the activation of cytokines after that t cell recognition including il-2 they also seem to have other effects on the affinity of the binding of the t-cell receptor they have they have systemic effects that are kind of interesting like for example tacrolimus the other medication i mentioned you know has a potent vaso constrictor effect in certain organs so so we probably don't fully understand its impact”