Testosterone is the ultimate reason for the sex difference in male aggression and the higher rates of violent interactions among males compared to females.

“So what what role does testosterone play in that? So here again, I think just like with play, uh people aren't going to like this, but I want to make sure I so I want to make sure I I say it clearly. I do think that the difference, this broad pattern is similar to what we see in nonhuman animals where the males are much more likely to kill each other than the females. There's many more violent or aggressive interactions. So, we have the same like if you look at both of us, we have different bodies. You are bigger and stronger. I started lifting weights because of you a year ago, so I'm I'm getting there, but I'll never get to where you are. Also, I'm older, but um so physically, men are developed for competition for ma essentially malemale competition for mates. this plays out in this destructive way in in society. Um, and so I'm I I believe that the ultimate reason for the difference is testosterone.”