Skeletal muscle from pre-diabetics, or healthy individuals with a family history of diabetes, has a reduced number of mitochondria and lower expression of genes required for mitochondrial function.

“if you take skeletal muscle from pre-diabetics healthy individuals that have a family history of diabetes but are still healthy they'll all have a reduced number of mitochondria the expression of those 1,000 genes required for mitochondria it's just a little bit lower”