Diabetes is a heterogeneous disease with defects in muscle, liver, fat cells, beta cells, or the brain capable of causing diabetic phenotypes.

“remember I said that diabetes is a heterogeneous disease and I I did in diabetes metabolism reviews I would say 30 years ago I wrote a review article that said I can put a defect in the muscle and reproduce diabetes I can put a defect in the liver and reproduce diabetes I can put a defect in the fat cell and reproduce diabetes I can put a defect in the beta cell and reproduce diabetes and I went back and read that and I said I can put a defect that starts in the brain and reproduce diabetes”