Drinking 2-3 cups of coffee a day was linked with a longer lifespan and lower risk of card

Well SupportedHigher coffee consumption is linked to a 14-19% lower all-cause mortality risk and a 28-40% lower risk of cardiovascular disease mortality.

Partially SupportedDrinking 2-3 cups of ground coffee per day is associated with a 20% lower risk of cardiovascular disease compared to no coffee.

Partially SupportedGround and instant coffee consumption, but not decaf, is associated with a ~17% reduction in arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation, compared to non-coffee drinkers.

Not SupportedConsuming coffee later in the day can disrupt sleep by shifting the body's internal clock.