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Weekly · Sunday Morning

Five longevity claims.
Worth your time.
Every Sunday.

Last Sunday

Rapamycin extends mouse lifespan 9–14%
NAD+ precursors reverse aging in humans
Blue-light glasses improve sleep quality
Walking 10 min after meals blunts glucose
Verdict change — caffeine half-life downgraded

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© 2026 Whalespan. Independent, evidence-graded longevity.

The More Plates More Dates podcast with Derek! — Whalespan

Content›Video›The More Plates More Dates p…

The More Plates More Dates podcast with Derek!

Paul Saladino3h 3m · 2022-04-05

Claims Made

336

Claims Supported

203

Support Rate

60%

Support rate

203 of 336 claims supported

203 supported133 partial / not

Claims from this content

283

✓Well SupportedAll vitamins and minerals found in plants can be obtained from animal sources in more bioavailable forms.✓Well SupportedA recommended intake for organ meats is a few ounces per week, such as half an ounce to a few ounces of liver and a few ounces of heart per week.✓Well SupportedA creatine loading protocol involves taking 5 grams four times daily for 5-7 days to saturate muscles.✓Well SupportedRiboflavin is crucial for methylation reactions, particularly for individuals with MTHFR polymorphisms, and can help a 'broken' MTHFR enzyme function optimally.Well Supported

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AV

A. Volkovreader

4h

Bookmarking — the dossier-vs-overview split is the right call. Most of the time I want overview; sometimes I want receipts.

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N. Park

2d

Would love a "what would change this verdict" RSS feed. Sign me up if it exists.

✓

When Framingham data is not stratified by metrics associated with insulin resistance, LDL cholesterol shows a linear correlation with cardiovascular disease incidence.

✓Well SupportedSmartphone proximity when turned on has negative effects on sperm quality, separate from heat effects.

✓Well SupportedIf an individual is thriving, no dietary changes are necessary; if not thriving, question dietary assumptions and continue learning.

✓Well SupportedA 19-year-old male with type 1 diabetes discontinued insulin and achieved normal glucose levels on a nose-to-tail carnivore diet.

✓Well SupportedAtherosclerosis does not develop in veins, suggesting that endothelial damage is necessary for its initiation.

✓Well SupportedPaul Saladino eats two meals a day, typically his last meal before 4 p.m., skipping dinner.

✓Well SupportedAnimal foods rich in saturated fats offer benefits including increasing HDL, hormones, and testosterone, and serving as precursors for hormones.

✓Well SupportedMany essential nutrients for humans are only found in red meat.

✓Well SupportedA fasting insulin level below 3 micro IU/mL is ideal, below 5 micro IU/mL is acceptable, and above 5 is unacceptable.

✓Well SupportedAn effective dose of liver is approximately 0.5 to 1 ounce per day, which provides significant amounts of choline, vitamin A, K2, selenium, zinc, and copper.

✓Well SupportedFresh beef liver is nutritionally superior to desiccated organ supplements in capsule form, but capsules are a viable alternative if fresh liver is unavailable.

✕Not SupportedResveratrol reduces circulating androgen precursors without affecting testosterone levels, which is considered a negative effect.

✓Well SupportedModerate amounts of fructose, up to 1 gram per kilogram of body weight, can be processed without arriving in the liver.

✓Well SupportedOxidized phospholipids on ApoB provide a better assessment of oxidized LDL than traditional oxidized LDL tests.

◐Partially SupportedSome plant compounds can be detrimental to certain individuals.

✓Well SupportedPlant foods, predominantly vegetables, can contain defense chemicals like lectins that may damage the gut.

✓Well SupportedPhytic acid binds to and prevents the absorption of minerals like calcium, magnesium, and zinc.

✓Well SupportedReducing carbohydrates in the diet may improve muscle fullness, sleep quality, absence of muscle cramps, and reduce palpitations.

✓Well SupportedIndividuals on an animal-based diet typically have high vitamin E levels.

✓Well SupportedMetabolic dysfunction can be identified by elevated fasting insulin and postprandial insulin resistance observed on a CGM.

✓Well SupportedGrass-fed, grass-finished ground beef at $6-7 per pound is an affordable and beneficial food for humans and the environment.

✓Well SupportedGeorge St. Pierre lost four to five pounds of water weight and reduced inflammation and swelling after one month on an animal-based diet.

✓Well SupportedHumans require either carbohydrates or fat, as consuming only protein can lead to problems like 'rabbit starvation'.

✕Not SupportedA raw vegan diet can cause excessive gas, loss of muscle mass, feeling unwell, and no improvement in eczema.

✓Well SupportedIndividuals who consume a diet rich in meat and organs tend to have robust blood Coenzyme Q10 levels.

✓Well SupportedDesiccated cow brain appears beneficial for cognitive decline in controlled studies, a result not replicated by plant-based phosphatidylserine.

✓Well SupportedOrgan meats, including liver, heart, kidney, pancreas, and spleen, are nutritionally dense and were historically consumed immediately after an animal was killed.

✓Well SupportedPlant molecules can have side effects when they interact with human biology.

✓Well SupportedKetosis in humans is an adaptive state, not a starvation state, and does not lead to increased cortisol or other sympathetic hormones.

✓Well SupportedPlants have evolved defense chemicals over millions of years because they are immobile and cannot escape predators, unlike animals which can run, kick, or bite.

✓Well SupportedIf an individual is healthy with high LDL and normal metabolic markers, their cardiovascular risk is likely not significantly elevated.

◐Partially SupportedThe primary question regarding plant consumption is whether an individual can adequately detoxify plant toxins.

✓Well SupportedDiabetes and rising blood sugars are primarily caused by inappropriate gluconeogenesis from the liver being resistant to insulin's signals, not by excessive sugar intake.

◐Partially SupportedFructose consumed within a food matrix, such as in fruit, is likely different and potentially beneficial compared to isolated fructose or processed sugars.

◐Partially SupportedSulforaphane from various sources can have side effects.

✓Well SupportedHoney contains nitric oxide metabolites and increases nitric oxide production, differentiating it from sucrose and Coca-Cola.

✓Well SupportedEliminating nightshades like tomatoes, potatoes, and eggplants may benefit individuals with autoimmune conditions.

◐Partially SupportedSome individuals may experience autoimmune conditions triggered by plant compounds, while others may have triggers from animal compounds.

✓Well SupportedFreeze-drying organs preserves nutrients by sublimating water at freezing temperatures, avoiding heat damage from conventional dehydration.

✓Well SupportedMetformin use at doses approximating clinical levels shifts the NAD+/NADH ratio in the desired direction (towards NAD+).

✓Well SupportedAn animal-based diet, potentially including organs, meat, and raw dairy, may be helpful for autoimmune conditions like hair loss and acne.

✓Well SupportedOrgan meats are beneficial for everyone, and the Western diet's overemphasis on muscle meat is a mistake.

◐Partially SupportedSulforaphane acts as a pro-oxidant, acutely causing oxidative stress, which then stimulates the body to produce more glutathione.

✓Well SupportedMetabolic dysfunction is the primary cause of gout and uric acid issues in individuals who are metabolically healthy.

✓Well SupportedHumans may achieve significant health benefits without consuming plant compounds, potentially avoiding negative side effects.

✓Well SupportedNAMPT is the primary enzyme for NAD+ regeneration in humans, and its reduced function contributes to NAD+ depletion with aging.

✓Well SupportedA carnivore diet including steak tartare and raw liver helped two sisters with autoimmune disease.

◐Partially SupportedLean mass hyper-responders might possess a protective genetic component against accelerated atherosclerosis despite high LDL.

✓Well SupportedFructose from whole fruits like berries or bananas is better than fructose in juice form due to fiber content slowing glucose spikes.

◐Partially SupportedKetogenic diets may acutely increase cortisol and sympathetic nervous system activity, potentially normalizing over time.

✓Well SupportedIncorporating honey and fruits into the diet can help normalize SHBG and optimize hormone levels.

◐Partially SupportedThe LDL molecule is essential for human life and its direct role in causing atherosclerosis is questionable, suggesting metabolic health is more significant.

◐Partially SupportedPaul Saladino eats two meals a day within a six-hour window, with dinner typically by 3 or 4 p.m.

◐Partially SupportedPaul Saladino's book, 'The Carnivore Code,' emphasizes the value of animal foods, including organ meats, for nutrition.

◐Partially SupportedIf consuming more than 1-2 pounds of meat daily, creatine supplementation may not provide additional benefits as muscle stores are likely saturated.

◐Partially SupportedDesigning diets, activities, social relationships, communities, and shelters with an eye toward our ancestral environment would lead to greater happiness.

✕Not SupportedFasting insulin reference ranges in Western medicine are too high and do not accurately reflect insulin resistance.

✕Not SupportedPotential side effects of plant compounds sold as supplements are often ignored in research.

✕Not SupportedMetformin may have an endocrine-disrupting effect, increasing rates of hypospadias in males.

◐Partially SupportedEgg whites should be cooked to neutralize avidin, which binds to biotin and can reduce B vitamin absorption.

◐Partially SupportedIncluding some sources of carbohydrates in the diet is likely to improve overall health.

◐Partially SupportedGround beef is a preferred muscle meat due to its fat content, affordability, and flavor.

◐Partially SupportedConsistent sleep and waking times are important for entraining circadian rhythms and improving well-being.

✓Well SupportedBuilding lean muscle mass through resistance exercise is critical for humans.

◐Partially SupportedFasting insulin levels are a more important biomarker than NMR lipoprofile for assessing metabolic health and potential plaque development.

✓Well SupportedMetformin's functional benefit is shutting down inappropriate gluconeogenesis in the liver of insulin-resistant individuals, thereby blocking hyperglycemia.

✓Well SupportedGenetically low HDL does not always correlate with insulin resistance or atherosclerosis, and drugs designed to raise HDL have historically failed.

✕Not SupportedIncreasing consumption of seed oils leads to increased oxidized LDL, causing health problems.

◐Partially SupportedDesiccated organ supplements can help individuals realize that diet is a significant factor in how they feel.

◐Partially SupportedOpening of gut tight junctions allows water and immune cells to enter the gut, potentially triggering an immune response.

✓Well SupportedInsulin acts as an anti-catabolic agent in muscle and adipose tissue, and at lower doses, reduces circulating fatty acids.

◐Partially SupportedDesiccated organs are used to supplement nutrients that cannot be obtained from the diet, particularly when traveling.

✓Well SupportedOral supplementation with 250mg each of NR and NMN (total 0.5g) is relatively safe if homocysteine levels are monitored.

✓Well SupportedHumans can improve insulin sensitivity in a caloric deficit, even with a diet of pure sugar and seed oils.

✕Not SupportedLate-night eating can interfere with the body's circadian rhythm and negatively affect sleep patterns.

◐Partially SupportedFruit is considered the least toxic source of carbohydrates and is preferred for energy and exercise performance.

◐Partially SupportedJoe Rogan has reported improvements in vitiligo when following a carnivore diet and later an animal-based diet that includes some fruit.

✕Not SupportedMetformin can lead to Vitamin B12 deficiency, which can cause anemia and potentially irreversible neurological damage.

◐Partially SupportedFocusing on insulin sensitivity and correcting metabolic dysfunction is critical for addressing many chronic illnesses.

◐Partially SupportedAdding fruit and honey to a carnivore diet was beneficial for electrolyte balance, heart palpitations, sleep, and hormonal health.

◐Partially SupportedA strict paleolithic diet did not resolve the speaker's eczema.

✓Well SupportedMeasuring prolactin and other pituitary hormones can help identify pituitary issues like adenomas when other diagnostics are exhausted.

◐Partially SupportedPaul Saladino's breakfast included a raw milk smoothie with raw heart, desiccated testicle, thymus, blueberries, honey, and salt.

◐Partially SupportedMendelian randomization studies showing a relationship between LDL and cardiovascular disease may not fully apply to individuals who are metabolically healthy.

◐Partially SupportedSupplementation with riboflavin is likely beneficial for individuals with persistent migraines who cannot obtain sufficient amounts from diet.

◐Partially SupportedAn individual with high insulin sensitivity can consume approximately 100 grams of carbohydrates from honey daily for several months without significant negative impact on blood sugar levels.

◐Partially SupportedConsuming neural tissue like brains carries a risk of prion disease because cooking does not neutralize prions.

◐Partially SupportedWhole foods, like fruits, apples, and honey, contain information beyond single nutrients that affects metabolism.

✓Well SupportedGoing to sleep an hour or more past usual bedtime can compress the sleep window.

◐Partially SupportedMaintaining a cool sleep temperature, particularly in the bedroom and bed, is important for sleep.

◐Partially SupportedDiabetes can be reversed by eating an ancestral, species-appropriate human diet including meat and organs, and eliminating refined grains and seed oils.

◐Partially SupportedMuscle glycogen is consistently replete even after fasting and a two-hour ride, suggesting high insulin sensitivity.

?Limited ResearchAPOB-containing particles may not be directly injurious to the endothelium and sufficient on their own to cause atherosclerosis.

◐Partially SupportedEgg yolks and liver are good sources of bioavailable riboflavin, and supplementation is an option.

✓Well SupportedA calcium score of zero does not rule out plaque in individuals with high LDL for years, as it misses uncalcified plaque.

◐Partially SupportedA CT coronary angiogram can assess plaque progression in arteries with relatively low radiation exposure.

◐Partially SupportedCardiac radiologists generally agree that LDL levels of 300 should show plaque formation within a year.

◐Partially SupportedA study is comparing atherosclerosis progression via CTAs over one year in a regular cohort and a lean mass hyper-responder cohort.

◐Partially SupportedFood molecules may possess epitopes that resemble bacterial PAMPs or DAMPs, potentially triggering gut leakiness and initiating an immune response.

◐Partially SupportedUndigested food proteins passing through a compromised gut lining can activate immune cells, potentially leading to autoimmune responses.

?Limited ResearchThe bioavailability and efficacy of peptides and growth factors from raw organ meats are uncertain.

◐Partially SupportedAutoimmune disease is modifiable and can improve with diets like carnivore or Wahls.

◐Partially SupportedElimination diets such as animal-based, vegan, or autoimmune paleo can be powerful adjuncts for autoimmune conditions.

◐Partially SupportedThe gut epithelium is a single layer of endothelial cells connected by junctional proteins like tight junctions and zonulin, separating the internal body from the external environment.

◐Partially SupportedAn ounce of beef liver per day is a reasonable daily intake that avoids vitamin A toxicity concerns.

◐Partially SupportedEating raw liver retains heat-labile nutrients like riboflavin and avoids cooking.

◐Partially SupportedBoron can be obtained from animal foods, fruits, and honey, suggesting it is not a nutrient typically missed on a diet excluding vegetables.

✓Well SupportedDistillation or reverse osmosis followed by re-mineralization is likely the optimal method for obtaining high-quality drinking water.

◐Partially SupportedPaul Saladino subjectively feels a libido boost from eating testicles and plans to check biomarkers like LH and FSH after a year of consumption.

◐Partially SupportedIntermittent fasting can increase mTOR, contrary to the belief that it always decreases mTOR.

◐Partially SupportedCooking some meats may enhance protein bioavailability, while cooking nutrient-dense foods like liver may cause nutrient loss.

◐Partially SupportedCooking may denature peptides and growth factors in raw animal products, reducing their bioavailability and efficacy.

◐Partially SupportedThe speaker lost approximately 20 pounds of muscle mass while running extensively and following a raw vegan diet.

◐Partially SupportedThe speaker's daily intake is approximately 200-250g of protein, 200-250g of carbohydrates, and over 200g of fat, totaling over 3200 calories.

◐Partially SupportedConsuming very large amounts of honey, such as 500g/day, may cause overload.

◐Partially SupportedFruit is a beneficial food for humans, aligning with evolutionary sense and hunter-gatherer diets.

?Limited ResearchMetformin's impact on the microbiome is complex and not well understood.

◐Partially SupportedSome collagen peptides may pass through the stomach undegraded, suggesting raw organ meats could provide valuable peptides.

✕Not SupportedRimoban (Accompia), an anti-cannabinoid drug for weight loss, was withdrawn due to severe depression and suicides.

✕Not SupportedSignificant weight loss is not achieved by doing cardio every day.

✓Well SupportedKetones act as signaling molecules that influence gene expression through epigenetic modifications, benefiting longevity and cardiometabolic health.

✓Well SupportedMost people experience health improvements when they eliminate processed sugar from their diet.

◐Partially SupportedFreezing liver for a period can eliminate pathogens.

✓Well SupportedLow-dose creatine supplementation (1-5 grams per day) can have positive effects on physical performance for most people.

✓Well SupportedMen should discuss stopping metformin with their doctor at least 3 months before conceiving a child.

◐Partially SupportedMetformin is a life-saving drug for some individuals who do not make lifestyle changes, and its side effects are considered worth the risks in those cases.

◐Partially SupportedPaul Saladino goes to sleep around 9:00 PM.

◐Partially SupportedThe ideal weight loss approach enables eating to satiety while achieving good body composition for a higher quality of life.

◐Partially SupportedThe majority of the body's immune system cells are located in the lamina propria, a layer of the gut wall.

✕Not SupportedPlants contain toxins and defense chemicals that may trigger various health issues.

✓Well SupportedThe Eight Sleep bed can track HRV and other metrics without requiring the user to wear a device.

◐Partially SupportedWhite rice is considered the least offensive grain option for improving diet without being exclusive.

◐Partially SupportedSupplemental astaxanthin, at typical milligram dosages, can reduce 5-alpha reductase activity.

◐Partially SupportedIndividuals with Dunnigan lipodystrophy have insulin resistance and aggressive atherosclerosis, despite not having elevated LDL.

◐Partially SupportedDerek uses blue-blocking glasses and red lights at night to optimize his sleep environment.

◐Partially SupportedConsuming non-grass-finished liver is still preferable to not consuming liver at all.

◐Partially SupportedOrgan meats ranked by perceived value include liver (highest), heart (second), and testicle (for libido).

◐Partially SupportedLiver is a source of manganese, and manganese deficiency is not observed in individuals consuming meat and organs with moderate fat.

◐Partially SupportedMetformin is derived from a plant defense chemical found in French lilacs.

◐Partially SupportedA 2021 study indicated that metformin use is associated with lower testosterone levels in men with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

✕Not SupportedRelying solely on exercise to burn enough calories for weight loss may negatively affect thyroid function and cortisol levels.

✕Not SupportedThe speaker is not a fan of interventions like metformin or berberine that blunt the glucose response after eating.

?Limited ResearchThe peptides found in organ concentrates have uncertain benefits for humans.

◐Partially SupportedAn animal-based diet and supplements like skin, hair, and nails, and beef organs may help with skin regrowth.

◐Partially SupportedCooking meat appears to increase protein bioavailability for humans.

◐Partially SupportedA carnivore diet was used by an individual to heal alopecia areata.

✕Not SupportedOoler cooling mattress pads have broken for Derek.

◐Partially SupportedSHBG levels normalized and testosterone increased after reintroducing carbohydrates.

◐Partially SupportedRaw organic honey is a potentially beneficial substance.

✓Well SupportedThe first 7-9 hours after waking are when neurochemistry is primed for focused, challenging work.

◐Partially SupportedIndividuals without medical degrees can access and understand medical literature, such as PubMed, as effectively as doctors.

◐Partially SupportedReducing processed fructose and reintroducing fruit daily did not negate health benefits in a trial.

◐Partially SupportedBiotin, riboflavin, taurine, and coq10 are nutrients that may improve overall nutrient status when consumed through organ meats and eggs.

◐Partially SupportedMetformin is a prescription drug derived from lilac, while berberine is a non-prescription drug derived from tree bark.

◐Partially SupportedAchieving metabolic health, characterized by insulin sensitivity and absence of metabolic dysfunction, is crucial for reducing overall disease risk.

◐Partially SupportedMaintaining a lean physique with a high caloric intake (over 3200 calories) is achievable through a combination of diet and exercise.

◐Partially SupportedIf the gut lining's integrity is compromised, undigested food proteins can enter the body and trigger an immune response.

◐Partially SupportedTurning off Wi-Fi routers during sleep may reduce potential EMF exposure.

◐Partially SupportedMoving around after a large meal may aid in disposing of glucose.

◐Partially SupportedWhite rice and sweet potatoes are considered less offensive carbohydrate sources than processed sugar and may be consumed in larger quantities without developing insulin resistance.

◐Partially SupportedOther valuable organ meats include intestines, spleen, and pancreas.

◐Partially SupportedSleeping on the stomach or side with neck and back hyperextension may necessitate corrective exercises.

◐Partially SupportedDerek is trying a BedJet device for sleep temperature regulation.

◐Partially SupportedHigh potassium intake (4700mg/day) can be achieved through fruit consumption.

◐Partially SupportedCannabinoids can negatively impact satiety, leading to increased hunger.

◐Partially SupportedLean mass hyper-responders are individuals with high LDL levels who are otherwise athletic and maintain low body fat.

◐Partially SupportedIncreasing HDL through interventions like niacin or certain medications does not consistently lead to reduced mortality or cardiovascular disease.

◐Partially SupportedAn LDL-C of 150 mg/dL is not considered particularly high when compared to metrics like LDL-P.

◐Partially SupportedAn LDL-C of 200-230 mg/dL, high HDL of 85 mg/dL, low triglycerides, and low fasting insulin indicates good metabolic health.

✕Not SupportedBlindly following the protocols of anti-aging researchers like David Sinclair without considering individual factors like genetic predispositions or methylation status can be suboptimal.

◐Partially SupportedThe Hadza and Kung people eat all the meat they can obtain, with consumption proportional to hunting success.

◐Partially SupportedEating a variety of organ meats and observing personal response is a reasonable nutritional approach.

◐Partially SupportedMetabolically healthy individuals can combine protein, fat, and carbohydrates in a single meal without concern.

◐Partially SupportedGaining 10 pounds of lean mass after reintroducing meat and reducing running may include intracellular fluid and rehydration.

◐Partially SupportedFoundational health practices like a nutrient-rich, toxin-free diet, exercise, sun exposure, and reducing processed foods and seed oils should be prioritized before relying on medications for conditions like diabetes.

◐Partially SupportedType 2 diabetes is a fixable disease that can be managed through lifestyle changes including diet, exercise, and reducing intake of processed foods and seed oils, rather than solely relying on medication.

✕Not SupportedChilipad cooling mattress pads have a tendency to break.

◐Partially SupportedContrast therapy, specifically wood-fired sauna followed by ice baths, provides mental benefits.

◐Partially SupportedEngaging in enjoyable, fun daily activities can lead to greater productivity.

◐Partially SupportedA combination of fruit, honey, and rice is recommended for achieving high carbohydrate intake (500g/day) in bodybuilders.

◐Partially SupportedMussel meat can provide a bioavailable source of magnesium comparable to heme iron.

◐Partially SupportedAncestral paradigms focusing on circadian rhythm, sunlight exposure, evolutionarily consistent foods, toxin avoidance, stress management, meaningful life, and community support offer an effective approach to health.

◐Partially SupportedIndividuals with glycogen storage disease 1a have elevated LDL but not accelerated atherosclerosis, suggesting LDL is not the primary driver of atherosclerosis.

◐Partially SupportedHeart is a good source of Coenzyme Q10, anserine, taurine, and riboflavin.

◐Partially SupportedLinoleic acid's negative effects are primarily observed in individuals consuming a normal or hyper-caloric diet, not necessarily in a caloric deficit.

◐Partially SupportedStudies showing improvements in inflammation, liver fat, and insulin sensitivity after removing processed fructose or sucrose are often conflated with fruit, but fruit itself does not necessarily cause these negative outcomes.

◐Partially SupportedThe speaker experiences approximately six to eight hours of peak cognitive function after waking.

◐Partially SupportedHashimoto's thyroiditis may be manageable or its progression slowed if addressed before significant organ damage occurs.

◐Partially SupportedMonitoring Lp(a), ApoB, total testosterone, free testosterone, LDL-P, LDL-C, total cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, and fasting insulin provides a comprehensive metabolic and cardiovascular health profile.

✕Not SupportedCorticosteroids used for autoimmune hair loss may worsen hair thinning.

◐Partially SupportedSearing or cooking the exterior of raw organs, or consuming desiccated forms, can mitigate contamination risks.

◐Partially SupportedA diet of high-quality foods to satiety combined with resistance exercise can lead to good body composition without suffering.

◐Partially SupportedDerek typically goes to sleep between 8:30-9:00 PM and wakes up at 5:00-5:30 AM, aiming for 8-9+ hours of sleep per night.

◐Partially SupportedHS-CRP and fibrinogen are important cardiovascular risk factors.

◐Partially SupportedAnabolic steroid users often exhibit heightened LDL and low HDL concurrently, suggesting other biomarkers are more accurate for assessing metabolic health.

◐Partially SupportedPharmaceutical drugs, including statins, have multiple effects beyond their primary target.

◐Partially SupportedType 1 diabetics are not typically insulin resistant and do not benefit from metformin for enhanced glucose control beyond lowering insulin dose.

◐Partially SupportedIndividuals consuming 500g of carbohydrates daily should monitor fasting insulin, pre/post DEXA scans, and visceral fat levels.

◐Partially SupportedCooking liver on the outside can destroy surface bacteria like Campylobacter and Salmonella.

◐Partially SupportedThe speaker gained an additional 10 pounds of muscle after stopping ultra-running.

◐Partially SupportedCognition can be improved through dietary changes like elimination diets, phosphatidylserine, nutrients in organ meats, and good sleep, not exclusively through ketogenic diets.

◐Partially SupportedHeat-labile nutrients like some B vitamins and vitamin C can be denatured during cooking.

◐Partially SupportedConsuming 400-600 calories of fruit per day provides hundreds of grams of carbohydrates.

◐Partially SupportedGluten, lectins, and dysbiosis are potential triggers for gut-mediated autoimmunity.

◐Partially SupportedThe speaker believes that animal foods do not lack vitamin K.

◐Partially SupportedNMN and NR supplementation can deplete methyl groups, potentially requiring monitoring of B vitamin status, methylation status, and homocysteine levels, and possibly supplementation with methylfolate or betaine.

◐Partially SupportedSome cases of type 1 diabetes may have an autoimmune component positively affected by dietary changes like a carnivore diet.

◐Partially SupportedHair follicles are susceptible to autoimmune attacks, which can manifest as patchy hair loss, especially during high stress.

◐Partially SupportedStopping a vegan diet and adding back protein while continuing to run can lead to significant muscle gain.

◐Partially SupportedTwo to three hours of deep work productivity blocks are achievable twice per day, ideally scheduled between 11 am and 1 pm, and again before 4 or 5 pm.

◐Partially SupportedThe psychological penalty of consuming foods that negatively impact performance is not worth the benefit, leading to avoidance of such foods and alcohol.

◐Partially SupportedWhite rice is advisable for bodybuilders needing high carbohydrate intake (500-700g/day).

✕Not SupportedThe mental sharpness associated with ketogenic diets may be a byproduct of a suboptimal state.

✕Not SupportedIndividuals taking multiple supplements like sulforaphane, turmeric, broccoli seed extract, and astaxanthin may not be aware of potential interactions or necessity.

◐Partially SupportedConsuming a dessert like tiramisu after a long period of abstaining can lead to negative physical and psychological effects.

✕Not SupportedPure animal-based diets, including carnivore, may lead to low SHBG and free testosterone levels.

◐Partially SupportedMental sharpness may be more related to stable blood glucose control than to sympathetic involvement.

◐Partially SupportedPlant compounds may accumulate in the human body and cause protein misfolding, potentially contributing to neurodegeneration.

✕Not SupportedThere is no strong scientific literature or RCT evidence to suggest that combining honey with meat leads to increased insulin resistance or negative metabolic outcomes.

◐Partially SupportedSleeping in a very cold room (around 18-19°C or 64-66°F) can make it harder to get out of bed.

◐Partially SupportedThe speaker returned to medical school to focus on root-cause-oriented and integrative medicine.

◐Partially SupportedThe risk of Salmonella and Campylobacter contamination from eggshells is lower for organic or pasture-raised eggs, especially if the yolk membrane remains intact.

◐Partially SupportedHair follicles are organs susceptible to autoimmune attacks.

◐Partially SupportedHigh stress, diet, or leaky gut can trigger autoimmune reactions and hair loss.

◐Partially SupportedAlopecia areata is an autoimmune condition causing hair loss.

◐Partially SupportedStrict adherence to avoiding processed foods and cookies can be a leveraged positive trait.

◐Partially SupportedConcepts like broken adipocytes, hypertrophy vs. hyperplasia, and insulin resistance are not taught in medical school and require post-graduate, self-directed learning.

◐Partially SupportedTurmeric may decrease testosterone levels and act as a mild anti-androgen.

◐Partially SupportedMetformin has had recent research publications.

◐Partially SupportedLiver King implements extreme EMF reduction measures by running ethernet cables for all devices and having no cell phones in the house.

✕Not SupportedNuts are not considered a good source of vitamin E because they contain lectins and are defended compounds.

◐Partially SupportedA daily intake of approximately two pounds of meat and a few ounces of organs is a recommended dietary pattern.

◐Partially SupportedRaw white potatoes contain solanine and other problematic compounds, particularly from green sprouts.

✕Not SupportedA strict 8-hour eating window may decrease testosterone levels.

◐Partially SupportedFrozen fruit largely preserves nutrient density and is a viable option.

✕Not SupportedThe speaker disputes the claim that there is no vitamin K in animal foods.

✕Not SupportedSuppressing the immune system is a flawed approach to autoimmune attacks; it is more effective to identify and rectify the underlying cause.

◐Partially SupportedA 6-hour eating window in diabetics for 4 days showed improved metrics of autophagy and increased mTOR in the evening.

◐Partially SupportedCase studies of individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (LDL 400-600 mg/dL) show no atherosclerosis, suggesting LDL alone does not cause it.

◐Partially SupportedAll raw organs carry a risk of contamination and foodborne illness.

✕Not SupportedPaul Saladino does not track sleep metrics with devices like the Oura ring because it can negatively impact his sleep by causing anxiety about sleep scores.

◐Partially SupportedHigh carbohydrate intake combined with exogenous growth hormone can drive IGF-1 levels, leading to hyperplasia and hypertrophy.

◐Partially SupportedCooking meat, such as steak or hamburgers, allows for consumption of both cooked and raw components.

◐Partially SupportedBeef liver is the best organ meat to start with for upgrading one's diet.

◐Partially SupportedDietary fat intake is not a concern for cardiovascular health in metabolically healthy individuals and contains beneficial components like fat-soluble vitamins and stearic acid.

◐Partially SupportedPaul Saladino avoids sleeping with a router near his genitals or head.

◐Partially SupportedInsulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction are primary drivers of chronic illness, including age-related NAD+ depletion.

◐Partially SupportedInsulin resistance induced by whole food carbohydrates is less likely than that induced by processed sugar.

◐Partially SupportedThe speaker's exercise routine includes daily surfing and pull-ups, several times a week front squats, and occasional Nordic curls or skateboarding, but not extensive chronic cardio.

◐Partially SupportedIndividuals using exogenous hormones should monitor hs-CRP, fibrinogen, and liver enzymes (GGT) to assess oxidative stress and inflammation.

◐Partially SupportedMetabolic health, defined as insulin sensitivity across all tissues, is the primary concern for cardiovascular health.

◐Partially SupportedNutritional literature contains support for both ketogenic diets and diets including carbohydrates.

◐Partially SupportedConsuming some raw foods, such as steak tartare and raw liver, was part of the diet for individuals who experienced improvement in autoimmune disease.

✕Not SupportedThe mental sharpness sometimes observed on ketogenic diets may be a manifestation of a heightened sympathetic response rather than an optimal state.

◐Partially SupportedDerek transitioned from a vegan diet to an ancestral-based, carnivore-focused diet due to negative consequences on his quality of life.

◐Partially SupportedThe postprandial area under the glucose curve is a more important indicator of insulin utilization than the absolute glucose level.

◐Partially SupportedSimple wool mattresses on crates on the floor may be conducive to good sleep.

◐Partially SupportedDesiccated or raw spleen and liver extracts from the 1950s-1970s contained peptides like splenin and splenopentane.

?Limited ResearchHigh LH may be associated with hormonal advantages but also risks like colorectal cancer.

◐Partially SupportedIndividuals should monitor oxidative stress biomarkers such as hs-CRP, fibrinogen, and GGT to assess liver enzyme health.

◐Partially SupportedIndividuals can test the impact of smoothies on their health by monitoring fasting insulin, liver fat, and visceral fat.

◐Partially SupportedTrace minerals in drinking water may not be essential if adequate trace minerals are obtained from food sources like meat, fruit, and salt.

◐Partially SupportedA simple meat-and-eggs diet is the easiest way to introduce the carnivore diet concept.

◐Partially SupportedInsulin resistance is believed to originate in fat cells due to impaired adipogenesis.

◐Partially SupportedMuscle can be maintained or built on a vegan diet by using protein powders to ensure adequate intake of leucine and other amino acids.

◐Partially SupportedCooking and desiccating or freeze-drying foods generally leads to some nutrient loss.

◐Partially SupportedThe speaker's weight increased from 140-145 pounds to 165-170 pounds after stopping a vegan diet, adding protein, and reducing running.

◐Partially SupportedImmune cells attacking host tissues in multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes may originate from the gut.

◐Partially SupportedA good basal metabolic rate, likely supported by muscle mass, contributes significantly to caloric expenditure.

◐Partially SupportedEvolutionarily, the gut immune system was designed to become leaky in response to pathogens to facilitate immune responses.

?Limited ResearchSome peptides may pass through stomach acid intact or have effects within the stomach.

◐Partially SupportedAn animal-based diet emphasizing organ meats can improve diet and life quality.

◐Partially SupportedAn honest assessment of harms, risks, and net benefit should be applied to every compound, including plant compounds.

◐Partially SupportedLow SHBG levels can occur even when following ketogenic diets.

◐Partially SupportedPlant molecules like sulforaphane can provide hormetic stress comparable to environmental stressors like sauna or cold plunges, especially when time-constrained.

◐Partially SupportedDietary changes have positively affected autoimmune diseases like Crohn's, ulcerative colitis, Sjogren's, eczema, and psoriasis.

◐Partially SupportedThe speaker generally avoids supplements, with the exception of desiccated organs from Heart & Soil if needed.

◐Partially SupportedThe speaker experienced eczema flares while taking hydrolyzed mushroom extract powders during residency.

◐Partially SupportedEating too close to bedtime and raising body temperature can interfere with sleep due to digestion.