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The carnivore diet, all the details! Podcast with Ivor Cummins

PS

Paul Saladino1h 35m · 2019-07-26

Support Rate

62%

113 of 181 claims supported

Support rate

113 of 181 claims supported

113 supported68 partial / not

Claims from this content

138

Well SupportedCo-administering myrosinase with glucoraphanin increases average bioavailability from approximately 10% to 35-40%, but person-to-person variability persists.Well SupportedAtherosclerosis is caused by the inflammatory response to oxidized cholesterol accumulation in macrophages within the artery wall.Well SupportedHumans have historically relied on animal foods as the primary source of protein and nutrients.Well SupportedConsuming connective tissue provides glycine and helps maintain a healthy methionine-to-glycine ratio.Well SupportedA carnivore diet constructed as nose-to-tail eating aligns with how ancestors and indigenous peoples consumed animals.

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A. Volkovreader

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Bookmarking — the dossier-vs-overview split is the right call. Most of the time I want overview; sometimes I want receipts.

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N. Park

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Would love a "what would change this verdict" RSS feed. Sign me up if it exists.

Partially SupportedSulforaphane is released from glucoraphanin in crushed or chewed broccoli sprouts as a plant defense mechanism.

Well SupportedThousands of people are following a carnivore diet and experiencing changes in various diseases, including autoimmune disease.

Well SupportedPaul Saladino eats two meals a day, typically his last meal before 4 p.m., skipping dinner.

Not SupportedSulforaphane is directly toxic to the thyroid gland, inhibiting iodine uptake and thyroid hormone production.

Well SupportedPlants contain toxins like oxalates, lectins, and tannins that can be harmful to some people.

Well SupportedAvoiding seeds, nuts, grains, and legumes may be beneficial due to their defense chemicals that humans process less effectively than other animals.

Well SupportedA vitamin C dose as low as 10 milligrams per day was sufficient to correct scurvy in studies from the 1930s and 40s, with no observed clinical benefit from higher doses.

Well SupportedHumans are likely facultative carnivores, meaning meat is their primary optimal food source.

Well SupportedA diet with increased glycine levels can increase healthy lifespan in mice.

Well SupportedAnimal foods provide all essential nutrients for optimal health in bioavailable forms, without plant anti-nutrients and toxins.

Well SupportedBeef cattle and livestock accounted for 1.9% of total US greenhouse gas emissions in 2016.

Not SupportedHigh doses of vitamin C can act as pro-oxidants in individuals with G6PD deficiency, potentially causing hemolysis.

Well SupportedOverfeeding mice with methionine shortens their lifespan, and restricting methionine in mice extends their lifespan.

Well SupportedPaul Saladino consumes bone marrow and liver from Heart & Soil supplements, as well as cooked bone marrow on the grill.

Not SupportedThe number of LDL particles in circulation does not fully explain atherosclerosis.

Well SupportedHumans historically prioritized animal foods over plant-based foods when available.

Well SupportedThe majority of pesticides in the American diet are naturally produced by plants for self-defense.

Not SupportedSulforaphane is a toxin that is directly harmful and not beneficial, despite activating Nrf2 and glutathione production.

Well SupportedPlants have evolved defense chemicals over millions of years because they are immobile and cannot escape predators, unlike animals which can run, kick, or bite.

Well SupportedConsuming only muscle meat from an animal is nutritionally incomplete, and eating nose-to-tail is more nutritionally robust.

Well SupportedCalcium intake on an animal-based diet can be supplemented with raw dairy or bone matrix supplements to reach recommended levels.

Well SupportedNon-starchy fruits like avocado and olives are among the least toxic plant foods due to fewer defense mechanisms.

Not SupportedInterventional trials show no benefit for higher doses of vitamin C.

Well SupportedAnimal agriculture and plant agriculture contribute similar amounts to total greenhouse gas emissions.

Well SupportedPlant-derived lectins can interfere with human biology.

Well SupportedAn elimination diet is a tool for identifying how specific foods affect an individual.

Well SupportedLDL particles of any size can enter the sub-endothelial space of blood vessels.

Well SupportedDiseases of civilization, characterized by increased consumption of processed sugar, processed grains, and vegetable oils, are linked to chronic diseases.

Well SupportedIt is easy to obtain 50-70mg of vitamin C daily from an animal-based diet if the meat is fresh, not overcooked, and includes organ meats consumed nose-to-tail.

Well SupportedA zero coronary artery calcium score indicates a very small risk of a coronary event in the next 15 years.

Well SupportedMost people would feel better without plants in their diet due to anti-nutrients and toxins.

Well SupportedPlant toxins are a greater concern for individuals with autoimmunity, immune dysregulation, or gastrointestinal issues compared to generally healthy individuals.

Well SupportedStudies showing increased LPS with saturated fat often use dairy fat containing immunogenic proteins like casein and whey.

Not SupportedFocusing solely on LDL particle number as a risk factor for atherosclerosis is a disservice.

Well SupportedHumans need a small amount of omega-3 in their diet, obtainable from animal fat sources.

Well SupportedMost chronic illness is inflammatory, and inflammation and autoimmunity are considered synonymous.

Well SupportedCoronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring is a valuable tool for assessing cardiovascular risk and tracking disease progression or regression.

Partially SupportedEliminating all plants may improve recalcitrant autoimmune disease in some individuals.

Partially SupportedThe human body does not require sulforaphane for any biochemical reaction and perceives it as toxic.

Partially SupportedIf individuals are thriving with plants in their diet, their diet should not be changed.

Partially SupportedEliminating processed food, sugars, oxidized seed oils, and classic cereals is a beneficial first step for improving diet and health.

Partially SupportedSome individuals may experience significant problems tolerating plants, and removing them can lead to health improvements.

Partially SupportedAnimal meat consumed nose-to-tail is generally free of toxins, unlike plants which contain anti-nutrients and toxins.

Partially SupportedDairy products, particularly casein and whey, can trigger immunologic reactions and inflammation in some individuals.

Partially SupportedThere are approximately 10^18 LDL particles and 10^20 HDL particles per liter of blood.

Partially SupportedInterpreting cholesterol panels requires understanding fasting insulin and thyroid panel results.

Partially SupportedThe carnivore diet can be considered the ultimate elimination diet.

Partially SupportedRemoving plants from the diet can be a protocol for individuals with thyroid issues, gut issues, or other chronic illnesses.

Partially SupportedEliminating plant foods and focusing on animal foods may improve health if any aspect of one's life is suboptimal.

Partially SupportedThe body's supersaturation with LDL particles suggests LDL particle number reflects an underlying issue rather than being a direct cause of atherosclerosis.

Partially SupportedCows are capable of converting grass and non-tillable land into nutrient-dense food like steak, which humans cannot directly consume.

Partially SupportedPlants have evolved numerous defenses to discourage animals and insects from eating them over millions of years.

Partially SupportedAn LDL particle number of 1,600-2,000 nmol/L is typically seen on a ketogenic diet or in familial hypercholesterolemia.

Not SupportedLinus Pauling held nonsensical views regarding hyper-doses of vitamin C.

Well SupportedIndividuals in the Kitav or Semane populations may have LDL particle counts equal to or higher than Americans but exhibit no heart disease.

Not SupportedPrescribing statins solely based on high LDL levels without considering all risk factors is a disservice to the patient.

Partially SupportedPlants contain toxins that some people tolerate poorly due to varying detoxification abilities and thyroid robustness.

Partially SupportedCholesterol levels may increase significantly in older individuals following ketogenic or hardcore low-carb diets.

Partially SupportedA calcium score is a powerful tool to identify individuals with significant cardiovascular disease who may be unaware.

Partially SupportedStandard ldl cholesterol measurements in mg/dL represent weight per volume and do not indicate particle number.

Partially SupportedPopulations with higher average LDL particle numbers than Americans, but with low heart disease rates, serve as exceptions to the risk associated with high LDL.

Partially SupportedLDL particle number (LDL-P) is a more informative metric than LDL weight.

Partially SupportedThe carnivore diet is presented as a way to eliminate plant consumption for a period, potentially for health improvement, with the option to reintroduce plants later.

Not SupportedAtherosclerosis is a disease of the tissue, not just plasma lipid levels.

Partially SupportedCarbohydrate restriction, including ketogenic and carnivore diets, can be curative for some individuals with insulin resistance, diabetes, and weight loss issues.

Partially SupportedAnimal biochemistry is much more similar to human biochemistry than plant biochemistry.

Partially SupportedBones contain collagen, which is high in glycine.

Not SupportedLegumes are toxic to humans due to lectins and digestive enzyme inhibitors, and their association with Blue Zone health is likely genetic, not dietary.

Not SupportedPaleolithic diets are incorrect in considering nuts and seeds acceptable, as they are plant seeds and contain toxins.

Partially SupportedMany individuals feel well on a plant-based diet for the first 2-3 years before nutrient deficiencies manifest.

Not SupportedLDL is unlikely to be inherently toxic within the biological systems it evolved in.

Not SupportedSulforaphane is a goitrogen that inhibits iodine uptake at the thyroid.

Partially SupportedElevated LDL particle number in insulin-resistant individuals with low HDL, high triglycerides, and small LDL particle size represents a different phenotype than that seen in insulin-sensitive individuals on ketogenic or carnivore diets.

Partially SupportedThere might be a lower, optimal daily intake of Vitamin C for humans, potentially around 250mg, to avoid excess oxalate production.

Partially SupportedThe lowest effective dose of vitamin C to reverse scurvy symptoms is 10mg per day.

Partially SupportedEating animals nose-to-tail is unlikely to result in nutritional deficiencies because their biochemistry is largely equivalent to humans.

Partially SupportedPlants and plant toxins are significant contributors to autoimmunity.

Well SupportedSalmon roe is a good source of phosphatidylcholine DHA.

Partially SupportedNrf2 can be activated by heat stress, cold stress, exercise, and fasting, increasing glutathione levels.

Partially SupportedCheese may contribute to inflammatory markers and adverse effects in individuals with metabolic issues, sensitivities, or ApoE4.

Partially SupportedExcessive meat, fats, and cheeses may increase inflammatory markers, with fish being a more ideal option.

Partially SupportedA nose-to-tail diet provides sufficient nutrients and avoids deficiencies.

Not SupportedThe statement that animal protein ages humans is biologically nonsensical, as protein is protein regardless of its source.

Partially SupportedThe requirement for vitamin C is lower when consuming fewer sugars and carbohydrates.

Partially SupportedCattle raised in pens, fed sprayed grains, and injected with hormones and antibiotics represent a highly processed form of meat.

Not SupportedNutritional studies often use heavy cream or milk products as a source of saturated fat, potentially confounding results.

Not SupportedIn 30 years, divergent phenotypes of LDL will be identified, distinct from inflammation or disordered HDL and triglyceride populations.

Not SupportedThe idea that animal foods age humans is a fallacy due to misunderstanding the methionine-glycine balance and nose-to-tail eating principles.

Not SupportedResearch may prematurely blame saturated fat for negative health outcomes, overlooking factors like immunogenic proteins in dairy.

Not SupportedTraditional cholesterol measures like LDL, HDL, VLDL, and total cholesterol are ambiguous risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Partially SupportedHumans evolved as primarily animal eaters based on evolutionary origins and genetic concordance.

Not SupportedFactory-farmed meat may have hormonal imbalances and unfavorable fat profiles.

Partially SupportedPaul Saladino offers clients decisions on statin use based on LDL and acknowledges nuance, not mandating based solely on high LDL.

Partially SupportedKetogenic and carnivore diets can address the root causes of health problems for patients who are not improving with mainstream Western medicine.

Partially SupportedDietary interventions like ketogenic and carnivore diets, combined with other tools, can yield superior beneficial effects compared to pharmaceuticals.

Partially SupportedA functional medicine physician can help interpret complex blood markers to identify individuals who may react poorly to ultra-low-carb or keto diets.

Partially SupportedInterventions that improve insulin resistance and autoimmunity, such as ketogenic and carnivore diets, are unlikely to be detrimental to cardiovascular outcomes.

Partially SupportedLow-carb or ketogenic diets can be used to lower LDL particle numbers, which may be chosen by individuals with a high calcium score.

Partially SupportedPlant lectins can travel from the gut to the brain via the vagus nerve and potentially contribute to neurodegenerative diseases.

Partially SupportedA nanomole of LDL corresponds to 6.02 x 10^14 LDL particles.

Partially SupportedA patient with an LDL particle number over 3,000 nmol/L and zero coronary artery calcium score has made an informed choice to continue their diet.

Partially SupportedHealthy individuals can rely on current evidence and monitor cardiovascular markers over time rather than immediately intervening.

Partially SupportedThe primary trigger for autoimmunity is environmental, with food being the first place to look.

Partially SupportedPaul Saladino's typical meal includes grass-fed steaks, salmon roe, pasture-raised duck egg yolks, tallow, collagen, sea salt, and raw liver.

Partially SupportedPsychiatric diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerosis, SIBO, and rheumatologic diseases can be conceptualized as autoimmune.

Limited ResearchPaul Saladino believes studies on LDL in insulin-sensitive individuals are needed and the conversation about LDL's role in atherosclerosis should continue.

Partially SupportedThe Irish Heart Disease Awareness charity recommends CT scans and CAC scores to assess heart attack risk in middle-aged people.

Partially SupportedIndividuals with significant disease, especially heart disease, should focus on fish, avocado, olives, and well-raised animal foods.

Not SupportedMost fruits offer limited health benefits due to high oxalates and fructose.

Partially SupportedOvercooking meat can destroy vitamin C, necessitating consumption of rare or fresh meat and organs to avoid deficiency.

Partially SupportedHumans cannot sustain themselves on plant foods as a sole source of nutrition long-term.

Partially SupportedNon-sweet fruits are generally benign and a good starting point for dietary choices.

Not SupportedProcessed food, sugars, and seed oils should be avoided, especially by individuals with heart disease.

Not SupportedStatins are serious drugs with potential adverse effects and should not be claimed to be totally safe.

Partially SupportedIt is more effective to directly assess the presence of cardiovascular disease than to rely solely on traditional risk factors like cholesterol.

Partially SupportedRemoving sugar, refined carbs, and seed oils from the diet can help stop disease processes.

Partially SupportedStudies on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increases with dairy consumption may be skewed in individuals with pre-existing insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome.

Partially SupportedIndividuals with high risk of heart disease and high calcium score may modify diet to reduce LDL particles.

Partially SupportedWell-raised ruminant animal foods, such as lamb and beef, are considered superfoods.

Partially SupportedRemoving sugar, refined carbohydrates, and seed oils can help prevent heart attack risk.

Partially SupportedReal meat should be prioritized over processed meat because processing can reduce nutrient content, particularly vitamin C.

Partially SupportedPaul Saladino consumes approximately 20 ounces of grass-fed organic steak, salmon roe, raw pasture-raised duck egg yolks, tallow, and collagen for his evening meal.

Partially SupportedCasein in dairy can break down into casomorphins, which are opiate-like compounds that may alter satiety signaling.

Partially SupportedVitamin C is present in animal foods, including liver and muscle meat, and is necessary for collagen synthesis.

Partially SupportedThe idea of humans as primarily carnivores is only strange to Westernized humans in the last 70 years.

Partially SupportedGluten and plant components may be a significant cause of type 1 diabetes.

Partially SupportedOpting for well-reared meats (grass-fed, free of antibiotics) is advisable for individuals with significant health concerns to avoid triggering immune or hormonal problems.

Partially SupportedAll known problematic foods for humans, including those causing celiac disease, nightshade sensitivities, or other issues, originate from the plant world and are never meat, fish, or eggs.

Not SupportedProcessed meats, particularly deli meats, are likely not a good food choice.

Partially SupportedIdentifying and eliminating triggering foods may provide relief for individuals experiencing illness, poor health, autoimmune disease, or sleep problems.

Not SupportedAnimal foods are nutrient-rich, and limiting them due to misunderstandings about protein can lead to nutrient deficiencies.

Not SupportedSteven Gundry's claim that animal proteins age humans is unfounded and misinterprets rodent studies, particularly regarding methionine.

Partially SupportedOrganic, non-moldy, glyphosate-free grain can be nutritious for cows.