Ask Me Anything (AMA): Fructose, Fish Oil, Maple Syrup, and more…

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Paul Saladino1h 31m · 2022-01-25

Claims Made

201

Claims Supported

140

Support Rate

70%

Support rate

140 of 201 claims supported

140 supported61 partial / not

Claims from this content

170

Well SupportedStearic acid ingestion increases circulating C18 triglycerides and activates mitochondrial beta-oxidation.Well SupportedThe Rotterdam Study indicated a correlation between higher intake of Vitamin K2 and improved health outcomes.Well SupportedPaul Saladino, weighing 165 pounds and exercising over 12 hours/week, consumes 250-300 grams of carbohydrates daily while maintaining insulin sensitivity.Well SupportedIn Eastern epidemiological studies, higher red meat consumption in men was associated with lower rates of heart disease, and in women with lower rates of breast cancer.Not Supported

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A. Volkovreader

4h

Bookmarking — the dossier-vs-overview split is the right call. Most of the time I want overview; sometimes I want receipts.

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N. Park

2d

Would love a "what would change this verdict" RSS feed. Sign me up if it exists.

Refined, bleached, and deodorized seed oils represent an evolutionarily inappropriate and inconsistent introduction to the human diet.

Well SupportedHeart and Soil's 'Skin Hair and Nails' product, containing trachea and scapular cartilage, liver, and bone marrow, is beneficial for skin, hair, nails, bones, and joints.

Well SupportedIncluding organ meats in the diet mimics ancestral eating patterns and provides nutrients without plant toxins.

Well SupportedVitamin K2 is synthesized by bacteria during fermentation and is not found in plant foods.

Well SupportedAdding fruit and honey back into the diet improved muscle fullness, resolved cramps and heart palpitations, improved sleep, and restored testosterone levels above 700.

Well SupportedInsulin plays a role in renal sodium transport, leading to sodium retention.

Not SupportedPaul Saladino avoids pork fed corn, soy, and seed oils due to high linoleic acid accumulation.

Well SupportedPaul Saladino has a fasting blood sugar of 74mg/dl, low glycemic variability, and clear insulin sensitivity while consuming a few tablespoons of honey daily.

Not SupportedHigh doses (4g or more per day) of omega-3 supplementation from fish oil are associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation and cardiac arrhythmia.

Well SupportedDiversifying organ consumption beyond muscle meat to include organs like liver, heart, testicles, spleen, or thymus leads to improved nutritional status.

Well SupportedFresh beef liver is nutritionally superior to desiccated organ supplements in capsule form, but capsules are a viable alternative if fresh liver is unavailable.

Well SupportedHeme iron from animal foods like spleen and liver is more bioavailable than plant-based iron and is necessary for repletion.

Well SupportedProcessing honey diminishes its beneficial properties, such as nitric oxide precursors and potential testosterone-boosting effects.

Well SupportedPhytic acid binds to and prevents the absorption of minerals like calcium, magnesium, and zinc.

Well SupportedConsuming fructose in fruit, along with nitric oxide precursors and fiber, may be evolutionarily consistent and beneficial.

Well SupportedIndividuals on an animal-based diet typically have high vitamin E levels.

Well SupportedBone matrix supplements, eggshells, or calcium can be used as dairy alternatives for calcium intake.

Well SupportedCitrulline was preventive of fructose-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats.

Well SupportedConsuming animal foods can provide 300-500 micrograms of vitamin K2 daily.

Well SupportedA diet higher in stearic acid and lower in linoleic acid promotes healthy leanness.

Well SupportedPaul Saladino has a coronary artery calcium scan of zero.

Well SupportedVitamin K2 intake is associated with reduced heart disease mortality, while vitamin K1 intake is not.

Well SupportedThe Hadza people prioritize eating meat, berries, and honey, using tubers as a fallback food.

Well SupportedPaul Saladino maintains low hs-CRP, fibrinogen, and fasting insulin, suggesting no excess glycation or endothelial damage despite high carbohydrate intake.

Well SupportedAnimal foods contain vitamin K2 (menaquinone), which is associated with improved longevity and cardiovascular health, unlike vitamin K1 found in plants.

Well SupportedFructose and glucose in isolation have negative physiological effects, but can have positive effects when consumed within a whole food matrix.

Well SupportedExcess omega-6s can inhibit the conversion of alpha-linolenic acid to EPA and DHA.

Partially SupportedFructose consumed within a food matrix, such as in fruit, is likely different and potentially beneficial compared to isolated fructose or processed sugars.

Partially SupportedIf an individual is thriving in all aspects of health, there is no need to change their current dietary habits.

Well SupportedAn animal-based diet aligns with ancestral principles and evolutionary biology for optimal health.

Well SupportedSeven-day consumption of red orange juice improves endothelial function and reduces inflammation in non-diabetic subjects with increased cardiovascular risk.

Well SupportedIf omega-6 fatty acids are low in the diet, the body can convert alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) found in animal fats into EPA, DPA, and DHA.

Well SupportedAn animal-based diet of organs, meat, fruit, honey, and raw dairy is nutrient-replete and does not lead to nutrient deficiencies.

Well SupportedThe optimal foods for humans are those available to wild humans: meat, organs, fruit, honey, and possibly tubers and vegetables as fallback foods.

Well SupportedVitamin K2 is better absorbed by the body and harder for the body to synthesize from Vitamin K1 compared to Vitamin K1.

Well SupportedAn animal-based diet is the best source of magnesium, negating the need for supplementation or electrolytes, and avoiding foods that deplete magnesium.

Well SupportedIn Asian cultures, populations that consume the most meat exhibit the longest lifespans and lowest rates of cardiovascular disease and cancer.

Well SupportedHumans should optimize stearic acid and minimize linoleic acid in their diet, potentially by avoiding seed oils.

Not SupportedResveratrol acts as a xenoestrogen and phytoestrogen, potentially disrupting hormones and acting as a hormonal disruptor in some individuals.

Well SupportedEliminating vegetables can improve gastrointestinal issues like gas, bloating, constipation, and painful stools for some individuals.

Well SupportedVegetarians may benefit from consuming meat or tallow to obtain sufficient essential fatty acids.

Well SupportedPaul Saladino's lipid panel shows high DPA, DHA, and EPA, with low linoleic acid, despite not eating egg yolks, fish, or supplementing with fish oil.

Well SupportedReintroducing carbohydrates and other dietary changes returned Paul Saladino's hormones to optimal levels and increased libido.

Not SupportedFish oil is considered oxidized and undesirable, with no solid evidence supporting the purported benefits of high doses (4-6 grams).

Not SupportedFish oil is susceptible to oxidation, and the body can obtain sufficient amounts from meat without needing to supplement.

Not SupportedHigh intake of fish oil supplementation may lead to increased lipid peroxidation.

Not SupportedPhytic acid and oxalate-containing foods reduce magnesium absorption and retention.

Not SupportedHeating maple syrup reduces its nitric oxide precursor content, making it less beneficial for endothelial health compared to raw, unprocessed honey.

Well SupportedFresh squeezed orange juice results in a different physiological response in the human body compared to an equivalent amount of isolated fructose or sucrose.

Well SupportedKidney, heart, and liver are high in riboflavin (vitamin B2) compared to muscle meat.

Well SupportedFructose in a food matrix, like maple syrup or honey, may preserve nitric oxide precursors, especially darker, less processed forms.

Well SupportedMeat and organs provide beneficial phytochemicals and benefits, suggesting plant parts may not be necessary in the human diet.

Well SupportedOrgan meats like liver and kidney are necessary for obtaining adequate riboflavin, especially for those with MTHFR polymorphisms.

Well SupportedSirtuin genes can be activated by fasting, heat exposure, cold exposure, and exercise.

Well SupportedHumans need a small amount of omega-3 in their diet, obtainable from animal fat sources.

Well SupportedSauna use is associated with positive effects including heat shock protein induction and detoxification.

Not SupportedKetogenic diets can lead to significant long-term problems, including hormonal decline.

Partially SupportedHigher rates of atrial fibrillation were observed with omega-3 fatty acid intake compared to placebo or corn oil in the Omey 1000 and Vital Rhythm studies.

Not SupportedConsuming vegetables solely for vitamins and minerals is misguided, as these are better sourced from animal products and some fruits.

Not SupportedShellfish like mussels, clams, oysters, and shrimp can have higher levels of heavy metals than fish.

Not SupportedPolyphenolic compounds in plants are anti-nutrients that can inhibit the digestion of proteins and other nutrients.

Not SupportedDiets high in unstable polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid, lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and metabolic dysfunction.

Partially SupportedReincorporating raw goat and raw cow dairy has resolved eczema and improved resilience.

Partially SupportedBoron may be lost on a strict carnivore diet and can be obtained from bone meal or bone matrix supplements.

Partially SupportedEating organs like animal testicles, hearts, and kidneys can be beneficial, particularly for male hypogonadism.

Partially SupportedThere is no clear benefit from plant compounds above and beyond what can be obtained from lifestyle practices like sauna, cold plunge, exercise, and sunlight.

Partially SupportedAnimal-based diets including beef, fruit, honey, raw dairy, and organs can provide sufficient omega-3 and iodine.

Well SupportedIndividuals not consuming Brazil nuts or significant amounts of animal-based foods may not be getting enough selenium.

Partially SupportedCarbohydrates are beneficial for ketogenic diets concerning exercise performance, thyroid hormone status, electrolyte levels, and sex hormones like testosterone.

Partially SupportedEating raw testicles has not caused illness for the speaker, but sourcing is important.

Partially SupportedMetabolic dysfunction is a primary driver of atherosclerosis, independent of LDL cholesterol levels.

Partially SupportedLinoleic acid from seed oils or bacon may contribute to metabolic dysfunction if its metabolites are problematic.

Partially SupportedMost animals are edible, whereas only a small percentage of plants are edible for humans, as plants lack the same defense mechanisms as animals.

Partially SupportedGenetic factors may influence an individual's efficiency in converting ALA to EPA and DHA.

Partially SupportedArteries develop atherosclerosis due to higher pressure, turbulence, and shearing stress at branch points, which can cause endothelial dysfunction.

Partially SupportedOrange juice and fructose intake did not induce oxidative or inflammatory stress in a study, possibly due to flavonoids.

Partially SupportedMammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is critically important for muscle, vitality, longevity, stability, and libido, and fear-mongering around mTOR is unwarranted.

Partially SupportedAnimal fat, particularly grass-fed, may be a significant source of vitamin K2, potentially partitioning into fat more than currently recognized.

Partially SupportedConsuming whole fruit as a dessert can help individuals transition away from less desirable foods.

Partially SupportedIodine can be obtained from meat, dairy, and egg yolks, negating the need for fish as an iodine source.

Partially SupportedInsulin resistance may be partly caused by inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), leading to endothelial dysfunction.

Partially SupportedConsuming whole fruits improves endothelial function, while fructose consumed in isolation is harmful.

Partially SupportedFructose in whole fruit elicits a different physiological response compared to fructose in isolation.

Partially SupportedFruit consumed within a food matrix, particularly for individuals on ketogenic diets, is beneficial for humans and can aid in electrolyte balance.

Partially SupportedIndividuals with digestive, autoimmune, skin, mood, or sleep issues may benefit from focusing on nutrient-rich, low-toxin foods and questioning assumptions about plant-based foods.

Partially SupportedSubstituting honey for refined carbohydrates protects rats from the hypertriglyceridemic and pro-oxidant effects of fructose.

Partially SupportedDecreased consumption of fructose-containing beverages leads to improvements in insulin sensitivity in children.

Partially SupportedThe optimal human diet prioritizes nutrient-rich, least-defended, and lowest-toxin foods such as organs, meat, animal fat, fruit, and honey.

Partially SupportedDecreasing omega-6 fatty acids in the diet may lead to increased endogenous production of omega-3s (EPA and DHA) from ALA found in animal fat.

Partially SupportedLiver is a source of manganese, and manganese deficiency is not observed in individuals consuming meat and organs with moderate fat.

Partially SupportedUsing sea salt in moderate amounts in the diet can resolve electrolyte issues, prevent cramps and palpitations, improve sleep, and restore hormone balance and libido.

Not SupportedPlant chemicals are redundant in the human diet and carry potential side effects that could be harmful.

Partially SupportedBlood orange juice intake decreased DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide in mononuclear blood cells.

Partially SupportedGlucose intake, unlike fructose or orange juice, induced oxidative stress and an inflammatory response in a study.

Not SupportedMaple syrup is not recommended due to heating and processing, which may degrade precursors important for the nitric oxide system.

Not SupportedConsuming a lot of fish can lead to heavy metal toxicity, with elevated levels of mercury, arsenic, lead, and cadmium observed in pescetarians.

Partially SupportedConsuming nitric oxide precursors found in organ meats and some fruits is critical for improving endothelial health.

Partially SupportedA diet for thriving should include meat, fresh organs, desiccated organs, fruit, honey, and potentially raw dairy.

Partially SupportedEating meat, fruit, and some vegetables is significantly better than the average person's diet.

Limited ResearchThe long-term cumulative effect of plant defense chemicals is unknown.

Partially SupportedWhen consuming plant foods, prioritize fruit and honey, and detoxify grains and beans.

Partially SupportedFeeling better may be due to cutting out bread, pasta, and processed foods, rather than just the absence of vegetables.

Not SupportedConsuming large doses of omega-3 from fish oil is evolutionarily inappropriate and can lead to significant negative side effects.

Not SupportedFish oil should not be given to children; instead, they should consume healthy fats from meat and organs.

Not SupportedCaffeine, theobromine, and mate can worsen reactive hypoglycemia and negatively affect long-term blood sugar regulation.

Partially SupportedSweet potatoes contain defense chemicals, such as ipomeamarone, which may negatively affect some individuals.

Partially SupportedMeat contains the omega-3 fatty acids DPA, DHA, and EPA.

Partially SupportedCalorie-dense foods like meat, fruit, and avocado can lead to cravings over vegetables.

Partially SupportedFish oil is more prone to oxidation than coconut oil or olive oil.

Partially SupportedConsuming red meat and organs provides vitamin K2, which is associated with beneficial outcomes, while K1 intake is not related to cardiovascular outcomes.

Not SupportedPlant compounds may have negative effects such as digestive enzyme inhibition, endocrine disruption, nutrient depletion, and gut damage from lectins.

Partially SupportedEndothelial dysfunction, eNOS, and nitric oxide are central to atherosclerosis.

Partially SupportedInsulin resistance is necessary for endothelial dysfunction to persist, allowing LDL to become incorporated into atherosclerotic plaques.

Partially SupportedEndothelial dysfunction is a critical early step in the development of atherosclerosis, and LDL becomes problematic only in the presence of endothelial dysfunction.

Partially SupportedImproving nitric oxide synthesis in the endothelium may be a key protective benefit of statins, potentially more so than LDL lowering.

Partially SupportedIncluding fruit and honey in an animal-based diet leads to better workout performance and energy levels compared to a strict meat-only diet.

Partially SupportedThe speaker feels healthier and has more energy at age 59 than at age 30, attributing this to an animal-based diet and supplements like histamine and immune support, and beef organs.

Not SupportedThe USDA database may be inaccurate regarding thiamine content in foods, as thiamine deficiency is not observed in individuals on animal-based diets.

Partially SupportedNature intends for humans to eat brightly colored, delicious fruits, which are designed to spread seeds.

Partially SupportedFruit is a beneficial and healthy dessert option providing vitamins and tasting good, unlike processed foods.

Partially SupportedEating a salad does not cause negative feelings afterwards, unlike eating a bowl of pasta.

Partially SupportedFruit interventions generally do not worsen inflammatory biomarkers and may improve them.

Not SupportedThe idea that animal foods which allow humans to thrive are also killing us or shortening our lives is not supported by good research.

Not SupportedPlant molecules have significant side effects that are often ignored, making their benefits redundant compared to lifestyle interventions.

Partially SupportedAn animal-based diet typically prevents iron deficiency and elevated oxidative stress, unlike diets containing plant compounds.

Partially SupportedIf honey is to be consumed, it should be high-quality, not processed varieties like those in plastic squeeze bottles.

Not SupportedThe benefits of plant compounds like curcumin, resveratrol, and quercetin can be achieved through lifestyle practices like sauna, cold plunge, exercise, and sunlight, while avoiding negative side effects.

Not SupportedThe idea that nutrient-rich animal foods are harmful or shorten lifespan lacks strong scientific support.

Not SupportedRelying on fish or shellfish for dietary fats or proteins carries a risk of heavy metal accumulation.

Not SupportedMetabolites of certain fatty acids found in pork, chicken fat, eggs, and fish may be problematic for humans.

Not SupportedBeing borderline anemic may indicate a need for more heme iron, found in meat and organs.

Partially SupportedVitamin C is readily available in fruit and also found in spleen and organs.

Partially SupportedEliminating grains and seeds containing lectins, such as pasta and bread, can be a significant improvement for many people's health.

Partially SupportedA chronic, gradual accumulation of plant defense chemicals may be a significant factor for individuals not thriving.

Partially SupportedPlant compounds in foods can interfere with digestion and nutrient absorption.

Partially SupportedA 9-day restriction of dietary fructose in children with obesity decreased liver fat, visceral adipose tissue, de novo lipogenesis, and improved insulin kinetics.

Not SupportedHigh doses of purified fish oil are not beneficial for longevity and may be dangerous.

Not SupportedFish are not a key part of human evolution, as evidenced by populations consuming little to no seafood.

Partially SupportedOmega-3 fatty acids, their sources, supplementation, and pros/cons warrant investigation.

Not SupportedElevating plant defense chemicals in the diet by crowding out nutrient-rich foods can lead to lower vitality and health.

Partially SupportedB vitamins, including thiamine, are heat-labile and can be denatured during cooking.

Partially SupportedIn the Reduced trial, fish oils resulted in a 25% relative reduction in cardiovascular endpoints compared to mineral oil, but with a significant increase in atrial fibrillation.

Partially SupportedPaul Saladino's personal experience shows fruit consumption causes a blood sugar spike to 130-140, followed by a quick return to baseline without reactive hypoglycemia when avoiding coffee.

Partially SupportedConsuming organ meats can improve blood sugar regulation and glycemic control.

Partially SupportedEating liver immediately addresses potential folate concerns on an animal-based diet.

Partially SupportedIron saturation should not be above 50%, and ferritin levels should be checked, though iron overload is uncommon on animal-based diets.

Partially SupportedFructose, as found in sucrose, may be a problem for humans.

Partially SupportedLiver is rich in thiamine, and beef is not deficient in thiamine.

Partially SupportedLectins are harmful to humans and nutrients are depleted by phytic acid and oxalates, making an animal-based diet superior for nutrient intake.

Partially SupportedFruit is a good source of carbohydrates for athletes.

Partially SupportedIncluding fruit and honey in an animal-based diet improved workout performance for Joe Rogan.

Partially SupportedIntermittent fasting with a six-hour window can improve autophagy genes in the morning but may increase mTOR at night.

Partially SupportedA diet including fruit and honey may not be suitable for individuals with reactive hypoglycemia and may require metabolic adjustment.

Partially SupportedLow pumic acid levels may indicate a lack of insulin resistance.

Not SupportedEating a majority of the diet from lower-hierarchy plant foods can accelerate autoimmune diseases and problems while crowding out nutrient-rich foods.

Partially SupportedDisordered nitric oxide metabolism, specifically involving eNOS, is a mechanism by which fructose may induce pathological effects like NAFLD and endothelial dysfunction.

Partially SupportedFructose consumed within a whole food matrix or with nitric oxide precursors does not appear to induce the same harmful effects as isolated fructose.

Partially SupportedFor some sick individuals, the issue may be insufficient vegetable intake, while for others, it could be the chronic accumulation of plant defense chemicals.

Partially SupportedFruit is healthy, delicious, and filled with vitamins, despite past concerns about sugar and carbohydrates.

Not SupportedFructose in isolation appears harmful to humans, and therefore table sugar should not be included in the diet.

Not SupportedVegans and vegetarians may be deficient in vitamin K2, as phylloquinone (vitamin K1) intake is not associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes.

Not SupportedCalcium should be obtained from dietary sources like raw dairy or bone matrix, not synthetic supplements like calcium carbonate.

Not SupportedDietary calcium intake does not cause arterial calcification.

Partially SupportedIncreased calcium consumption is associated with decreased levels of gastrointestinal cancer.

Partially SupportedPotassium retention, improved by avoiding processed foods, is more critical than potassium intake.

Partially SupportedHumans generally thrive on an animal-based diet which provides critical nutrients scarce or absent in plant-based diets.