What's wrong with the carnivore diet?

PS

Paul Saladino1h 58m · 2019-06-05

Claims Made

264

Claims Supported

201

Support Rate

76%

Support rate

201 of 264 claims supported

201 supported63 partial / not

Claims from this content

221

Well SupportedAll vitamins and minerals found in plants can be obtained from animal sources in more bioavailable forms.Well SupportedModerate protein intake for humans generally ranges from 0.7 to 1 gram per pound of lean body weight per day.Well SupportedRiboflavin is crucial for methylation reactions, particularly for individuals with MTHFR polymorphisms, and can help a 'broken' MTHFR enzyme function optimally.Well SupportedMetabolic dysfunction, specifically insulin resistance, is the primary event leading to atherosclerosis, not LDL directly injuring the endothelium.Well Supported

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A. Volkovreader

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Bookmarking — the dossier-vs-overview split is the right call. Most of the time I want overview; sometimes I want receipts.

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Would love a "what would change this verdict" RSS feed. Sign me up if it exists.

Humans have historically relied on animal foods as the primary source of protein and nutrients.

Well SupportedIt is possible to obtain 60 mg of vitamin C daily by eating animal foods nose-to-tail, with liver being richer in vitamin C than muscle meat.

Not SupportedSulforaphane may scavenge iodine and act as a goitrogen, with toxic effects.

Well SupportedThe enzyme FMO3, which converts TMA to TMAO, is under the control of insulin and its activity increases in insulin-resistant individuals.

Not SupportedSulforaphane is directly toxic to the thyroid gland, inhibiting iodine uptake and thyroid hormone production.

Well SupportedA vitamin C dose as low as 10 milligrams per day was sufficient to correct scurvy in studies from the 1930s and 40s, with no observed clinical benefit from higher doses.

Well SupportedHumans are likely facultative carnivores, meaning meat is their primary optimal food source.

Not SupportedThe idea that diverticulosis is caused by insufficient fiber intake is not supported by literature; higher fiber intake is associated with more diverticulosis.

Well SupportedNose-to-tail eating is a recommended approach.

Not SupportedPhytochemicals found in plants are not true nutrients because they do not serve an indispensable or necessary role in the human body, unlike vitamins or minerals.

Well SupportedAdding 600 grams of fruits and vegetables per day to the diet of healthy non-smokers did not change markers of oxidative DNA damage or repair over 24 days.

Not SupportedResveratrol reduces circulating androgen precursors without affecting testosterone levels, which is considered a negative effect.

Well SupportedBoron supplementation can increase mean plasma free testosterone and decrease plasma estradiol, while also increasing dihydrotestosterone, cortisol, and vitamin D.

Well SupportedStudies show resolution of idiopathic constipation when fiber is removed, contradicting the necessity of fiber for bowel movements.

Well SupportedIndividuals on ketogenic or carnivore diets, who intentionally avoid processed sugars, grains, and excess polyunsaturated fats, may not be harmed by elevated LDL levels.

Well SupportedNose-to-tail nutrition, particularly desiccated organ supplements, is critical for reintroducing nutrients missing from modern diets.

Well SupportedIndividuals on an animal-based diet typically have high vitamin E levels.

Well SupportedA carnivore diet can lead to lower rates of depression and improved mood stability, emotional resilience, and overall positivity.

Well SupportedA well-constructed carnivore diet following a nose-to-tail template is the ideal diet for all humans, with some individuals able to tolerate additional plant foods.

Well SupportedFemales on a strict carnivore diet for two months may experience a lack of menstrual cycle.

Well SupportedCholine supplementation has been shown to improve non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and choline deficiency can cause fatty liver.

Well SupportedConsuming animal foods can provide 300-500 micrograms of vitamin K2 daily.

Well SupportedConsuming a few ounces of liver daily does not raise concerns about copper toxicity due to the presence of zinc.

Well SupportedFish contains significantly higher preformed TMAO (40x more) than historically associated with cardiovascular disease.

Partially SupportedA decrease in free T3 with a normal TSH in individuals on ketogenic diets may indicate the body is content with current thyroid hormone levels.

Well SupportedVitamin K2 in animal products like eggs, meat, and liver may prevent heart disease by directing calcium deposition.

Not SupportedThe assertion that plant fiber is necessary to prevent the digestion of the mucus layer in the gut has not been demonstrated.

Well SupportedVegetarians have reduced carnitine levels and transport, which is problematic as carnitine is essential for human functioning.

Well SupportedA zero-fiber carnivore diet increased gut bacteria diversity significantly within one week and after one year.

Well SupportedElevated TMAO levels are likely a proxy for underlying insulin resistance rather than a direct cause of disease.

Well SupportedIn individuals with the 'triad' lipid profile (high LDL, high HDL, low triglycerides), blood pressure and fasting insulin levels are typically low.

Well SupportedLiver and egg yolks are excellent sources of vitamin A for carnivore diets.

Well SupportedMeat contains a significant amount of magnesium, approximately 100 milligrams per pound of red meat.

Well SupportedAdequate choline intake is vital for maintaining focus as it provides substrates for acetylcholine production.

Partially SupportedBoron supplementation may temporarily decrease SHBG levels, but consistent intake might return SHBG to baseline.

Well SupportedKidney is a good source of riboflavin and folate and contains diamine oxidase (DAO).

Well SupportedA carnivore diet may help reverse inflammation and autoimmunity by removing potential triggers like lectins found in plants.

Well SupportedA 1:1 fat-to-protein ratio is crucial on a zero-carb carnivore diet to avoid constipation.

Well SupportedA carnivore diet leads to significant health improvements for most people, with the option to add plants based on tolerance.

Well SupportedIndividuals on carnivore diets often clinically experience resolution of GI inflammation and significant improvements in gas and bloating.

Not SupportedDuring prolonged fasting, the mucosal lining of the digestive tract can thin or become disrupted, and many gut microbiota species may die off.

Well SupportedThyroid levels should be investigated in individuals on ketogenic or carnivore diets.

Well SupportedThe optimal protein intake for individuals engaged in exercise and resistance training research is between 0.8 to 1.2 grams per pound of lean body mass.

Well SupportedConsuming approximately three milligrams of Boron per day through foods like dates, raisins, dried plums, and apples is achievable.

Well SupportedExcess zinc intake can lead to copper deficiency because zinc and copper compete for absorption in the small intestine via metallothionein.

Not SupportedCurcumin has been associated with over 120 failed randomized controlled trials and can interfere with potassium channels, DNA replication, and DNA repair enzymes.

Well SupportedInsufficient sodium intake can lead to increased insulin resistance, elevated aldosterone and cortisol levels, and potassium wasting.

Well SupportedMulti-year carnivore diet adherents who do not consume organ meats are likely to have multiple vitamin deficiencies.

Well SupportedOrgan meats are rich in essential minerals and vitamins, with liver being the best source of B12.

Partially SupportedCanned salmon with bones or sardines with bones can be an alternative calcium source for those who do not consume dairy.

Not SupportedSmoking meats with grills like Traeger produces high levels of PAHs.

Partially SupportedLiver is a rich source of vitamin B12 and folate, which are crucial for blood cell function and brain/nerve development.

Not SupportedTuna is high in mercury and can lead to elevated mercury levels in individuals who consume it regularly.

Partially SupportedInterventional studies with vitamin C generally fail to show improvements in endpoints for cardiovascular disease, the common cold, or cancer.

Partially SupportedLDL molecules are likely not the inciting event or proximate cause of atherosclerotic plaque.

Partially SupportedA fasting plasma vitamin C level of 0.8 mg/dL may be a reasonable cutoff, achievable through a nose-to-tail carnivore diet without supplementation.

Partially SupportedKetone production machinery also makes cholesterol, leading to direct LDL secretion.

Partially SupportedPeople should avoid charring meat and use strategies to mitigate the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during cooking.

Partially SupportedThe calcium-phosphorus ratio is important for health, and insufficient calcium relative to phosphorus negatively affects individuals.

Partially SupportedCorrelation between PAHs/HCAs and colon cancer is found only when consuming very high levels of these compounds.

Partially SupportedBoron is found in long bones and is important for bone and joint health.

Not SupportedThe perceived benefits of many phytochemicals are based on a myopic view of research, ignoring potential negative side effects.

Partially SupportedThe gut flora shifts at the beginning of a carnivore diet, likely becoming less focused on butyrate production.

Partially SupportedHistological examination in a study on mice lacking fiber showed no pathological changes indicative of inflammation, despite a reduction in the mucus layer.

Partially SupportedPlant phytochemicals can act as hormetic stressors by being oxidative stressors, activating the Nrf2 pathway to increase glutathione production.

Partially SupportedIn mice fed low-fiber diets, a decrease in gut mucus layer thickness did not lead to changes in histopathology or body weight compared to mice on a full-fiber diet.

Partially SupportedMeat is a good source of potassium, and ancestral magnesium intake may have come from spring water.

Partially SupportedTMAO is likely a marker for insulin resistance rather than a direct cause of cardiovascular disease.

Not SupportedConsuming more than 35% of daily calories from protein can lead to adverse health effects including hyperammonemia, hyperinsulinemia, nausea, diarrhea, and potentially death.

Partially SupportedJuve near-infrared light therapy devices are used for endocrine gland support and to monitor changes in testosterone levels.

Well SupportedFiber intake decreases the risk of diverticulitis, a potential risk factor for developing colon cancer.

Partially SupportedOverconsumption of certain seed oils can contribute to insulin resistance.

Partially SupportedSome individuals may develop scurvy on a carnivore diet if they consume only cured or non-fresh meats, but not if they eat fresh meat.

Partially SupportedNutrients like selenium, magnesium, and B vitamins are abundant in nose-to-tail animal foods, including organs.

Well SupportedTaking magnesium glycinate before sleep on a night of drinking may counteract alcohol-induced magnesium excretion and aid sleep.

Well SupportedGroundwater containing higher levels of lithium is associated with better mental health.

Partially SupportedA nose-to-tail, animal-based diet provides all necessary fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamin K2.

Partially SupportedHumans have a protein intake ceiling, likely around 35% of calories, necessitating the remaining calories from carbohydrates or fat, with fat being preferred.

Partially SupportedA carnivore diet provides all necessary nutrients for optimal human function in the most bioavailable form.

Partially SupportedBone meal can be consumed in doses of 0.5 to 1.5 tablespoons per day as a source of boron.

Partially SupportedConsuming more than 35-40% of total calories from protein could lead to issues due to protein-induced gluconeogenesis.

Partially SupportedCravings for high-sugar foods disappear on the carnivore diet.

Partially SupportedPeriodic prolonged fasting, such as 80-hour fasts, is a reasonable dietary option.

Partially SupportedA protein intake of approximately one gram per pound of bodyweight is suggested, with fat intake being individual-based on goals.

Partially SupportedReducing protein intake to 100-120 grams per day from over 300 grams may lead to a decrease in fasting glucose levels.

Well SupportedIntermittent fasting directly impacts the gut mucosal lining in a way that favors a healthier gut microbiome.

Partially SupportedBoron is depleted in the soils of many countries, potentially leading to lower dietary intake.

Partially SupportedManganese is found in liver and bone, and liver is a good source.

Partially SupportedA 0.5oz serving of liver provides 151% of the daily recommended value of vitamin A and other critical nutrients.

Partially SupportedInsoluble fiber may increase rates of colon cancer, while soluble fiber may not have as many issues.

Partially SupportedEating animals nose-to-tail is unlikely to result in nutritional deficiencies because their biochemistry is largely equivalent to humans.

Partially SupportedEating a pound of red meat daily provides the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) of vitamin E (around 15 milligrams).

Partially SupportedAtrazine has an estrogenic effect that can accumulate in the fat and muscle of animals fed non-grass-fed feed.

Partially SupportedAnimal organs may contain significant amounts of nutrients not yet fully understood.

Partially SupportedSome studies have shown an increased rate of tubular adenoma recurrence in individuals given psyllium husk fiber supplements.

Partially SupportedPaul Saladino supplements with 400mg/day of magnesium, ~1g/day of potassium, ~10g/day of sodium, and 1-2g/day of calcium.

Partially SupportedThe speaker's GGT levels are consistently between 12 and 13, indicating low levels.

Not SupportedThe potential harms of plant phytochemicals may outweigh their purported benefits like antioxidant effects via hormesis and Nrf2 activation.

Not SupportedExcluding plant anti-nutrients from the diet is not beneficial and is less evolutionarily consistent than including them.

Not SupportedFiber is not an essential nutrient for health or regular bowel movements.

Partially SupportedEight ounces of beef liver can provide 8-10mg of copper, which is well-tolerated and does not cause nausea or toxicity symptoms, unlike isolated copper supplements.

Partially SupportedCarnivorous diets can be effective for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth by eliminating fermentable fiber.

Partially SupportedFor every pound of meat consumed on an animal-based diet, approximately one gram of calcium is needed to balance the gram of phosphorus present in the meat.

Partially SupportedA nose-to-tail carnivore diet may lead to calcium deficiency unless bone meal or eggshells are consumed.

Partially SupportedTransitioning to a ketogenic or carnivore diet leads to increased salt excretion, potentially raising cortisol levels if sodium intake is insufficient.

Not SupportedConsuming too much protein and not enough fat on a carnivore diet can lead to elevated fasting glucose levels and potentially 'rabbit starvation'.

Well SupportedCalcium hydroxyapatite, found in bones, is bioavailable.

Partially SupportedEating bones, including those in bone broth or small animal bones, provides bioavailable calcium.

Partially SupportedCarnitine is considered an antioxidant and is essential for human functioning.

Partially SupportedGrass-fed beef contains approximately 12mg of vitamin C per pound, while grain-fed beef contains about two-thirds of that amount.

Partially SupportedIndividuals should monitor their zinc and copper ratios, as excessive meat consumption may lead to higher zinc intake.

Partially SupportedTraditional healers believed that consuming the organs of a healthy animal would strengthen the corresponding organ in the individual.

Partially SupportedAnimal biochemistry is much more similar to human biochemistry than plant biochemistry.

Partially SupportedRuminant agriculture can be regenerative, restore soil quality, and decrease atmospheric carbon.

Partially SupportedInsulin resistance is defined as the failure of tissues like muscles, liver, and brain to respond to insulin binding to its receptor.

Partially SupportedAdequate sodium intake may help correct magnesium and potassium deficiencies.

Partially SupportedMagnesium supplementation may be beneficial for individuals experiencing cramps on a carnivore diet.

Partially SupportedThe endogenous antioxidant mechanisms in most individuals eating a good diet are adequate and cannot be improved by adding more vegetables.

Partially SupportedVitamin E serves as an antioxidant in cell membranes, preventing oxidative stress.

Partially SupportedVegan and vegetarian individuals have been observed to have elevated TMAO levels.

Partially SupportedNathan has a metabolic cart in his apartment to measure VO2 Max and respiratory quotient.

Partially SupportedProcessed foods, specifically wheat flour, may penetrate the gut barrier, leading to inflammation and subsequently insulin resistance.

Partially SupportedInflammation is highly correlated with insulin resistance, with plausible mechanisms involving mitochondrial dysfunction.

Partially SupportedInsulin resistance may be triggered during viral infections to improve CD8 cell antiviral capability.

Partially SupportedIncreased blood glucose, inflammation, and a damaged gut barrier can lead to insulin resistance.

Partially SupportedBeef tripe is a good source of calcium.

Not SupportedMeat-based carnivore diets may lead to insufficient vitamin A and folate intake.

Partially SupportedVitamin E can be adequately obtained from both grass-fed and grain-finished beef.

Not SupportedHigh-dose potassium supplementation should only be done after consulting a doctor due to potential dangers.

Not SupportedIndividuals with kidney disease or on ACE inhibitors or other angiotensin receptor blockers should be cautious with potassium supplementation as some drugs are potassium-sparing.

Partially SupportedMost over-the-counter potassium supplements are low dose (around 99mg) due to regulations.

Partially SupportedSalt alternatives like 'low salt' (potassium chloride mixed with sodium chloride) are recommended for increasing potassium intake.

Partially SupportedSupplementing with small amounts of potassium and magnesium may help individuals experiencing cramps.

Partially SupportedConsuming 4-5 ounces of liver daily is recommended for adequate folate intake and is generally safe.

Partially SupportedWhole sardines are a good source of calcium, with one can containing 300-500mg.

Partially SupportedIncreased glutathione levels and reduced DNA damage can be achieved through hormesis from heat stress, cold stress, and exercise.

Partially SupportedMonitoring glucose, fasting insulin, hemoglobin A1c, fructosamine, and urea cycle markers can help assess the impact of protein intake and gluconeogenesis.

Partially SupportedNathan, Nick, and Ray are conducting at-home insulin assays using Eliza to study insulin levels at various protein and fat intakes.

Not SupportedQuercetin has overlooked estrogenic activity.

Partially SupportedIncreasing fat consumption can mitigate issues from high protein intake, such as increased blood glucose and lack of energy.

Partially SupportedThere is a challenge to find studies where polyphenols have impacted hard endpoints or all-cause mortality.

Partially SupportedRespiratory quotient can be measured to determine the percentage of fat, protein, or carbohydrates being oxidized.

Partially SupportedConsuming kidneys from a healthy animal was traditionally used for urinary ailments.

Partially SupportedConsuming heart from a healthy animal was traditionally used to treat a weak heart.

Partially SupportedThe human body synthesizes myo-inositol, so it is not required from food sources.

Not SupportedExcessive grilling and smoking of meats increases PAHs and HCAs.

Partially SupportedMollusks and salmon, particularly octopus, are good sources of potassium.

Partially SupportedSerum calcium levels are a poor indicator of total body calcium stores and bone health; parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the lower fourth of the reference range and NT-peptide are better measures.

Partially SupportedCarbohydrates are important for female fertility and thyroid function.

Partially SupportedVegetables can produce TMAO or contain preformed TMAO.

Partially SupportedCalcium hydroxyapatite found in bones is bioavailable.

Partially SupportedChicken and salmon are good sources of vitamin K.

Partially SupportedCanned tuna is a good source of vitamin K.

Partially SupportedInitial increased cravings for sugar and fruits when starting a carnivore diet are an adjustment phase due to dropping insulin and shifting to fat metabolism.

Partially SupportedBeta-carotene is converted to vitamin A and is not essential if retinol forms of vitamin A are consumed.

Partially SupportedThe Paleolithic ketogenic diet involves a two-to-one ratio of fat to protein by grams, resulting in approximately 85% calories from fat and 15% from protein.

Not SupportedThe presence of small amounts of plant foods in the diets of some historical populations does not indicate a unique benefit or necessity of plant foods for humans.

Not SupportedThe claim that a carnivore diet may cause lower brain serotonin because carbohydrates increase brain serotonin is false.

Partially SupportedEating a diet composed of animal foods changes the gut microbiome, but this change is not inherently detrimental.

Partially SupportedEating muscle meat and liver ensures adequate intake of all B vitamins.

Partially SupportedAnthony Gustin reported improved heart rate variability and deep sleep using Juve near-infrared lights in the evening before sleep.

Partially SupportedThe claim that a meat-based diet leads to oxidative stress is not supported by observed GGT levels, although high consumption of charred meat could theoretically create high amounts of harmful compounds.

Not SupportedCaffeine, cathartic acid, and chlorogenic acid have been shown to be genotoxic and damage DNA.

Partially SupportedAn eggshell provides about 1.5 grams of calcium, and a teaspoon of bone meal provides 1-2 grams of calcium.

Partially SupportedCurcumin, sulforaphane, and coffee polyphenols are studied for increasing glutathione and decreasing DNA damage.

Partially SupportedEating more animal foods leads to better health outcomes.

Partially SupportedDairy is a source of calcium but is often avoided in the initial phase of a carnivore diet.

Partially SupportedThe human body can detoxify both PAHs/HCAs and plant polyphenols like sulforaphane through similar mechanisms in the liver.

Not SupportedCarbohydrates are not necessary for proper thyroid function or hormone production.

Not SupportedIncreasing calcium intake by 3-4 times may not be sufficient if baseline intake from muscle meat is very low.

Partially SupportedGamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels do not elevate in individuals on a carnivore diet, contrary to concerns about meat consumption and cardiovascular disease.

Partially SupportedFolate deficiency can be assessed by measuring homocysteine and serum folate levels.

Partially SupportedManganese can be obtained from organ meats like liver, as well as from blue mussels, beef tripe, trout, bass, and bison.

Partially SupportedBone meal should be sourced from regions with lower lead contamination, such as New Zealand, and ideally from young cows.

Partially SupportedBrief searing on cast-iron pans reduces PAH and HCA formation compared to grilling or smoking meats.

Partially SupportedSmoking meats, particularly when fat drips and causes flare-ups, significantly increases PAHs which then adhere to the meat.

Partially SupportedEating two pounds of grass or grain-fed beef can provide close to the RDA for copper.

Partially SupportedA Paleolithic ketogenic diet with a 2:1 ratio of fat to protein by grams can yield good results.

Partially SupportedCopper deficiency can cause neurological symptoms similar to B12 deficiency, affecting balance and proprioception.

Partially SupportedOxidative stress markers do not increase in individuals following a carnivore diet.

Partially SupportedHumans on a carnivore diet may require 0.6 to 0.8 grams of protein per pound of lean body mass.

Partially SupportedThe 'keto AF' diet allowed for eating 60-70 grams of fat and protein to satiety with less than one pound of total food intake.

Partially SupportedPotassium deficiency may occur in individuals on ketogenic or carnivorous diets due to insufficient sodium intake.

Partially SupportedA ketogenic diet can be a natural progression towards a carnivore diet.

Not SupportedPolyphenols in coffee may decrease innate damage, but researchers fail to show they are not directly damaging to DNA.

Not SupportedThe claim that meat is linked to cardiovascular disease due to heterocyclic amines is not supported by evidence showing reduced oxidative stress markers in individuals on carnivore diets.

Partially SupportedVitamin K can be obtained from canned tuna, grass-fed beef, chicken, and salmon.

Partially SupportedSalmon, sardines, and king mackerel have lower mercury content compared to tuna and sea bass.

Partially SupportedCarnivore diets do not cause increased oxidative stress and often lead to decreased levels.

Partially SupportedLithium can be obtained from spring water and mineral water, and may be stored in animal bones.

Partially SupportedBoiling porous bones like cattle brow bones for several days can yield homemade bone meal.

Partially SupportedThe carnivore diet is often inaccurately characterized as consisting solely of meat.

Not SupportedThe claim that a carnivore diet is not ideal for longevity if not combined with fasting due to mTOR and IGF-1 is false.

Not SupportedFasting mimicking diets are not true fasting and may be a bad idea.

Partially SupportedIndividuals not consuming plants may require 0.6 to 0.8 grams of protein per pound of lean body mass.

Partially SupportedProviding the body with adequate fat is crucial for energy, and forcing the body to convert protein into usable fuel is not ideal.

Partially SupportedHumans require fat as a primary fuel source and cannot run on protein alone.

Partially SupportedThe carnivore diet works by mimicking fasting, being a low-residue diet, being ketogenic, and changing the gut microbiota.

Partially SupportedEgg yolks are a good source of biotin, while egg whites contain avidin which binds biotin.

Partially SupportedMagnesium deficiency on carnivore and ketogenic diets may be linked to inadequate sodium intake.

Partially SupportedTraditional sources of magnesium include mineral and spring waters.

Partially SupportedConsuming pancreas from a healthy animal was traditionally used for digestive and endocrine problems.

Partially SupportedLimiting fat intake is not necessarily required for fat loss, as caloric deficit is the primary driver.

Partially SupportedJuve near-infrared lights can substitute for morning and sunset light exposure when unable to be outdoors.

Partially SupportedThe World Health Organization recommends a minimum protein intake of 0.6 grams per kilogram.

Partially SupportedDepression is multifactorial and likely linked to inflammation.

Partially SupportedTo reduce inflammation, avoid oxidized and plant oils, as well as plant triggers like lectins.

Limited ResearchMyo-inositol is synthesized endogenously by the body in amounts exceeding 2 grams per day.

Partially SupportedA nose-to-tail carnivore diet is ideal, but ketogenic, low-carb paleo, low-lectin paleo, or low-oxalate paleo diets are reasonable alternatives.

Partially SupportedElevated cholesterol precursors like desmosterol on ketogenic or carnivore diets indicate increased cholesterol synthesis, not atherosclerosis.

Partially SupportedPopulations like the Mongols, Gauchos, Masai, Samburu, Russian Arctic peoples, Sioux, and Canadian Inuit have primarily animal-based diets.

Partially SupportedBasal metabolic rates do not significantly change for individuals following a carnivore diet, and significant weight gain is uncommon.

Partially SupportedYoung people on carnivore diets or fasting have very low fasting insulins, no inflammation, and therefore elevated cholesterol or LDL is not a concern.

Partially SupportedInflammation is a known cause of depression, and a carnivore diet may reduce inflammation.

Partially SupportedChanges in gut flora on 'junk food' carnivore diets were not concerning and did not lead to major gut issues.

Partially SupportedThe carnivore diet provides a great source of high-quality nutrient foods with significant benefits and few downsides.

Partially SupportedThe carnivore diet is defined as consuming only animal foods and excluding all plant foods.