How cancer cells are different from normal cells | Peter Attia, M.D. & Steven Rosenberg, M.D., Ph.D.

Partially SupportedIn approximately 80% of patients with common epithelial cancers, mutations are recognized by the immune system but the response is often too weak.

Partially SupportedTumor cells can suppress local immune reactions by producing inhibitory molecules such as transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10).

Partially SupportedAcquired mutations in cancer cells can produce proteins or molecules recognized by the immune system.

Partially SupportedImmunotherapies like interleukin-2 and checkpoint modulators stimulate the immune reaction by inhibiting suppressive factors.

Partially SupportedEffective cancer treatments aim to balance the aggressive immune reaction against the inhibitory factors that prevent it.