Ending the debate over seed oils, with Tucker Goodrich

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Paul Saladino2h 3m · 2021-09-09

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212

Claims Supported

155

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155 of 212 claims supported

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171

Well SupportedInsulin resistance makes LDL 'stickier,' increasing cardiac risk, while individuals who are insulin sensitive show no increase in cardiac risk with higher LDL levels.Well SupportedExcessive intake of linoleic acid arises from its concentration and abundance in processed seed oils.Well SupportedStearic acid ingestion increases circulating C18 triglycerides and activates mitochondrial beta-oxidation.Well SupportedIndigenous populations studied typically consume diets where linoleic acid constitutes about 2% of fat intake, contrasting with 7-15% in Western diets.Well Supported

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Bookmarking — the dossier-vs-overview split is the right call. Most of the time I want overview; sometimes I want receipts.

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Seed oils high in linoleic acid increase oxidized LDL and Lp(a), raising cardiovascular disease risk.

Well SupportedChickens and pigs are typically fed diets higher in linoleic acid than they would consume in the wild.

Well SupportedPork fat from pigs fed corn and soy can contain 10-15% or more linoleic acid, compared to wild pigs with around 4-5%.

Well SupportedEggs from chickens fed corn and soy may be less healthy due to accumulation of linoleic acid.

Well SupportedLinoleic acid in seed oils increases anandamide and 2-AG in the brain, which binds to CB1 receptors and induces hunger.

Well SupportedChicken fat may be a high dietary source of linoleic acid for some individuals.

Well SupportedHeart and Soil supplements, including Moon Memory and Brain, are made from grass-fed, grass-finished, regeneratively raised cattle from New Zealand.

Well SupportedConsuming seed oils leads to more damaged LDL particles, while consuming more animal fat results in less damaged LDL particles.

Well SupportedNon-ruminant animal sources require more attention for sourcing linoleic acid content than grass-fed and grain-fed beef.

Well SupportedLinoleic acid intake should ideally be kept below five grams per day, and potentially even below four grams per day.

Partially SupportedThe traditional ancestral diet contained approximately 1% linoleic acid, whereas the average modern diet contains around 10%.

Well SupportedHunter-gatherer breast milk contains significantly lower amounts of linoleic acid (2-3% of calories) compared to westernized women's breast milk (10-15% of calories).

Well SupportedGrass-fed, grass-finished ruminant meat contains less than 2% linoleic acid.

Partially SupportedEpidemiology studies can generate hypotheses about health outcomes, but only interventional studies can establish causality.

Well SupportedReducing linoleic acid intake is predicted to be the most significant health improvement.

Well SupportedDietary linoleic acid elevates appetite-stimulating endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-AG, and induces obesity in mice.

Well SupportedOmega-6 linoleic acid intake increased to approximately 18 grams per day by 1999 and 29 grams per day by 2008 in the US.

Well SupportedIn humans, a high linoleic acid diet increases oxidative stress markers and decreases nitric oxide metabolites.

Well SupportedLinoleic acid is likely the most positively correlated factor with the epidemic of diabetes, obesity, and chronic disease in the United States.

Not SupportedSeed oils, including corn, canola, safflower, sunflower, soybean, peanut, and grapeseed oils, should be avoided due to their linoleic acid content.

Well SupportedDistance running, such as marathons, causes inflammation reflected in elevated Hs-CRP levels.

Well SupportedLp(a) is a specific subtype of oxidized LDL and acts as a cleanup mechanism for oxidized phospholipids in the body.

Well SupportedGreater amounts of linoleic acid oxidation products are found within atherosclerotic plaques, and the degree of oxidation correlates with the severity of atherosclerosis.

Well SupportedThe Tsimane people experienced obesity and unhealthy metabolic changes after gaining access to market foods including seed oils, processed grains, and sugars.

Well SupportedExcessive dietary linoleic acid is a primary cause of insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction.

Well SupportedThe Minnesota Coronary Experiment tested the replacement of saturated fat with linoleic acid in inpatients.

Partially SupportedDietary linoleic acid can initiate an inflammatory response detectable by CRP.

Partially SupportedConsuming beef provides low omega-6 intake and high carnosine to neutralize residual HNE damage.

Partially SupportedHNE (4-hydroxynonenal), a toxic aldehyde found in french fries cooked in high linoleic acid fryer oil, is linked to pathological conditions.

Well SupportedCutting the vagus nerve at the trunk (truncovagotomy) for severe gastritis is associated with a lower incidence of Parkinson's disease compared to selective vagotomy.

Partially SupportedInterventional trials suggest linoleic acid has a worse impact on health compared to more saturated fat.

Not SupportedLinoleic acid-rich oils like canola or soybean oil raise levels of oxidized LDL and Lp(a), which are strong risk factors for heart disease.

Partially SupportedIncreased nitric oxide in the endothelium is beneficial and this effect is independent of LDL levels.

Partially SupportedLDL cholesterol has not been shown to be causative of cardiovascular disease since the 1960s.

Well SupportedBeef from feedlot-raised cattle has a fat profile with less omega-3 and more omega-6, promoting inflammation.

Well SupportedIn metabolically healthy individuals, there is no significant association between LDL levels and cardiovascular disease.

Partially SupportedLowering omega-6 fat intake can improve insulin resistance, even on a high-carbohydrate diet.

Partially SupportedHumans, as monogastric animals, cannot convert polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids and cannot eliminate dietary PUFAs.

Not SupportedFocusing on weight loss by restricting calories from low-quality food is an ineffective long-term strategy that leads to hormonal decline and weight regain.

Partially SupportedIn metabolically unhealthy individuals, LDL levels are strongly associated with cardiovascular disease.

Partially SupportedFor individuals with low fasting insulin, LDL is an indicator of inflammation rather than causative of atherosclerosis.

Partially SupportedLinoleic acid is not an essential fatty acid for humans.

Partially SupportedChildren who develop insulin resistance show increased oxidized LDL about 10 years prior.

Partially Supported2-arachidonoylglycerol (2AG) may exert effects in the stomach, gut, jejunum, and duodenum, potentially mediated by the vagal nerve.

Partially SupportedTucker Goodrich has an engineering and computer science background and provides an engineering-type approach to understanding polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Partially SupportedSildenafil appears to block HNE metabolism, which may contribute to a ~30% reduction in cardiovascular disease outcomes.

Partially SupportedSynthetic THC (dronabinol) is an FDA-approved drug used to stimulate appetite in cancer and AIDS patients.

Partially SupportedPeripheral endocannabinoid blockers acting only in the gut can block hyperphagia.

Not SupportedRimonabant was discontinued due to suicide risk, indicating CB1 receptor signaling is necessary for mental health.

Partially SupportedLinoleic acid consistently lowers LDL cholesterol, but low LDL does not preclude a higher risk of heart attack.

Partially SupportedThe Minnesota Coronary Experiment and the Seven Country Study refuted Ancel Keys' hypothesis.

Partially SupportedThe critique of the Sydney Diet Heart study regarding trans fats is flawed because trans fats have the opposite effect on LDL compared to linoleic acid.

Partially SupportedFeeding cows grain concentrates fats in their muscle and liver, leading to marbled muscles and livers.

Well SupportedIngesting more omega-6 fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid, appears to increase inflammation.

Partially SupportedPastured pork from pigs fed a low-PUFA diet is a healthier dietary addition.

Partially Supported4-HNE induces beta-amyloid production, which is implicated in Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, and age-related macular degeneration.

Partially SupportedThe evidence for the role of seed oils in cardiovascular disease is overwhelming.

Partially SupportedSeed oils contribute to autoimmune diseases by promoting oxidized fatty acids that the body mistakes for pathogens.

Partially SupportedThe pleiotropic effects of statins may be related to their impact on nitric oxide metabolism and arterial distensibility.

Partially SupportedOxidized phospholipids on apob, measured via a Boston Heart test, provide a more accurate assessment of oxidized phospholipid burden than standard oxidized LDL tests.

Partially SupportedA reduction in antioxidants like glutathione is a marker of disease processes driven by overwhelmed systems, such as from excess linoleic acid.

Not SupportedChicken and pork consumption is avoided due to concerns about linoleic acid accumulation, as they are monogastric animals.

Not SupportedDismissing a study solely because it is old is a weak argument, unless there is a specific reason related to outdated testing procedures.

Partially SupportedA perforated colon is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.

Not SupportedThe American Heart Association's presidential advisory misrepresented studies on linoleic acid.

Not SupportedIntralipid carries an FDA black box warning stating it may be beneficial but can also cause death, primarily by liver failure.

Not SupportedEating more fiber through whole wheat bread and salads with salad dressings worsened diverticulitis symptoms.

Not SupportedSaturated fat does not cause cardiovascular disease.

Partially SupportedReducing serum total cholesterol alone is insufficient to lower coronary heart disease risk; other factors, including diet, are crucial.

Partially SupportedRobert France ensured blinding in the Minnesota Coronary Experiment by changing the law to allow margarine to be served in square shapes.

Partially SupportedRobert P. France collaborated with Chris Masterjohn to re-examine the Minnesota Coronary Experiment data.

Partially SupportedAncel Keys advocated for a high polyunsaturated to saturated fat ratio (PS ratio), while the Logarol group argued for a low PS ratio, and the Lyon Diet Heart study refuted Keys's argument.

Partially SupportedSkinless chicken breasts are preferable to dark meat due to lower fat content.

Partially SupportedThe vagus nerve transmits signals from the gastrointestinal tract to the brain, influencing appetite and overeating.

Partially SupportedIntralipid is used in humans to induce insulin resistance and hyperglycemia.

Partially SupportedHNE impairs nitric oxide metabolism.

Not SupportedOmega-6 fats, particularly from soybean oil, are likely the cause of epidemics in diabetes, insulin resistance, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Not SupportedIntralipid, a soybean oil-based TPN solution, causes insulin resistance and hyperglycemia.

Partially SupportedThe speaker can now tolerate six to seven hours of sun exposure without burning, a significant improvement from burning in 45 minutes.

Not SupportedIntralipid can cause liver failure, leading to liver transplants, and many infants with short gut syndrome die from its use.

Partially SupportedNon-industrial populations typically do not suffer from diverticulitis, unlike up to 80% of the elderly in industrial societies.

Partially SupportedCeasing certain drugs resolved heart palpitations and inflammatory reactions, leading to improved health.

Not SupportedThe idea that people have always had chronic cardiovascular disease at current levels is not supported by medical literature.

Partially SupportedSterile inflammation is a physiological response to stress, oxidative stress, and the body's repair and regrowth processes.

Partially SupportedElevated LDL levels may not be a reliable sole indicator of cardiovascular disease risk without considering particle oxidizability, such as Lp(a), especially when accompanied by low triglycerides, high HDL, low fasting insulin, and low hs-CRP.

Partially SupportedStatins may help mitigate the inflammatory pathway triggered by oxidized LDL.

Partially SupportedChronic disease burden has significantly increased in the last 100 years.

Partially SupportedTucker Goodrich underwent a colon resection surgery after experiencing persistent symptoms of diverticulitis, despite attempts to increase fiber intake.

Partially SupportedRodent skin damage models depend on dietary polyunsaturated fat levels.

Partially SupportedGluten intolerance can cause stroke-like symptoms and irritable bowel syndrome.

Partially SupportedBruce German is studying omega-6 fats in mother's milk and their harmful effects.

Partially SupportedThe toxicity of poison ivy is related to its polyunsaturated fatty acid content.

Partially SupportedOxidized lipid metabolites can damage proteins and cause false positive flags, such as non-glucose-related glycation.

Partially SupportedHNE preferentially induces DNA damage to the p53 gene, which is the most common DNA mutation seen in human cancers.

Partially SupportedData on polyunsaturated fatty acids must be examined very carefully and intentionally to avoid confusion.

Partially SupportedOmega-6 fatty acids may hinder fat burning.

Partially SupportedExposure to sunlight does not cause skin cancer if seed oils are not consumed.

Partially SupportedExcessive intake of any substance, including water, can be toxic and harmful.

Partially SupportedOxidized LDL is defined as LDL containing oxidized linoleic acid.

Partially SupportedMonogastric animals store excess dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), unlike ruminants.

Partially SupportedStudies on 2-AG's effects on obesity were halted due to the withdrawal of ramonabant from the market.

Partially SupportedSugar activates reward circuits, though to a lesser extent than linoleic acid.

Partially SupportedCombining a beef-rich diet with fasted cardiovascular exercise is the best approach to eliminate stored linoleic acid.

Partially SupportedThe Lyon Diet Heart study showed a 70% lower incidence of cardiovascular disease in the intervention arm for individuals with established cardiovascular disease.

Partially SupportedThe evidence for a link between diet and cardiovascular disease is overwhelming in the scientific literature.

Partially SupportedSildenafil (Viagra) appears to block HNE metabolism and consistently reduces cardiovascular disease outcomes by approximately 30%.

Partially SupportedSterile inflammation, as opposed to non-sterile inflammation from infection, is implicated in triggering chronic diseases and autoimmune conditions.

Partially SupportedThe historical introduction of linoleic acid, cottonseed oil, and Crisco correlates with a massive rise in disease.

Partially SupportedC-reactive protein binds to pathogens and oxidized LDL, marking them for disposal.

Partially SupportedRimonabant blocks the endocannabinoid pathway, which is responsible for inducing hyperphagia when stimulated by THC, 2-AG, or anandamide.

Partially SupportedGastric bypass surgery can lead to complications like blind loop syndrome, dumping syndrome, and malabsorption.

Partially SupportedLinoleic acid is a signaling molecule that signals repair and the need for angiogenesis.

Partially SupportedThe subintimal hypothesis suggests atherosclerosis begins in the vasovasorum, which is also implicated in erectile dysfunction.

Partially SupportedAdding Firestarter, a high stearic acid tallow supplement, to the diet helped a user lose 10 pounds in one month after four months of no weight loss results.

Partially SupportedLowering linoleic acid reduces migraine incidence more effectively than current drugs, according to research by Chris Masterjohn.

Partially SupportedIntentionally going off wheat for a week, followed by eating pizza, caused a severe reaction including heart pounding and the need to lie down for half an hour.

Partially SupportedReducing seed oil intake can prevent sunburn.

Partially SupportedThe Minnesota Coronary Experiment data suggesting poor outcomes in the intervention group was buried.

Partially SupportedReduced arterial and venous flexibility, a potential early effect of linoleic acid consumption, is linked to erectile dysfunction.

Partially SupportedStopping salad dressings high in seed oils resolved chronic diarrhea within two days.

Partially SupportedIn traumatic brain injury, lipid peroxidation and metabolites like HNE cause significant brain damage starting around 24 hours post-injury.

Partially SupportedLinoleic acid and its metabolites play a role in the brain's response to traumatic brain injury, concussion, and stroke.

Partially SupportedUpregulating aldehyde dehydrogenase can protect the brain against poisons produced during injury, such as those from lipid peroxidation.

Not SupportedTaking statins is a less ideal approach than removing the source of the problem, such as consuming seed oils.

Partially SupportedLectins tagged with fluorescent molecules have been observed traveling retrograde through the vagus nerve into the substantia nigra in rat and C. elegans models.

Partially SupportedHanuk is studying the blocking of omega-6 fat metabolism to address chronic pain.

Partially SupportedPasture-raised chickens are a tasty and potentially healthier addition to the diet.

Partially SupportedNeonatologists are concerned that high linoleic acid in maternal diets may negatively affect infant brains.

Partially SupportedEndocannabinoids induce overeating via a gut-to-brain circuit involving the vagus nerve.

Partially SupportedWheat and seed oils can negatively affect sunburn susceptibility.

Partially SupportedReducing dietary linoleic acid intake is a simpler approach than using drugs to manage inflammation and related conditions.

Partially SupportedAvoid seed oils and limit meat intake from conventionally raised pork and chicken.

Not SupportedWestern medicine can involve treating the symptoms of a poor diet with drugs rather than addressing the diet itself.

Not SupportedThe effect of 2-AG and ramonabant on humans is blocked.

Partially SupportedCarbohydrate cravings can be overcome by abstaining from carbs for a week, after which reintroducing whole wheat bread causes a negative reaction.

Partially SupportedSoybean oil is implicated as an obesogenic fat that causes insulin resistance, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Partially SupportedHigh-normal glucose damages proteins involved in cellular energy production, including ATP synthase and pyruvate dehydrogenase.

Partially SupportedRimonabant is an effective weight loss drug in animal models, preventing obesity and reducing HbA1c and cardiovascular disease risk markers.

Partially SupportedA drug blocking linoleic acid conversion to inflammatory mediators could potentially treat pain, including migraines.

Partially SupportedThe drug ramonabant blocks the obesity-inducing effect of linoleic acid.

Partially SupportedThe Lyon Diet Heart study used rapeseed oil to achieve approximately 3.6% linoleic acid intake.

Partially SupportedSwitching a child with a damaged liver from soybean oil to fish oil can heal the liver, but soybean oil prevents healing.

Partially SupportedThe speaker experienced diverticulitis symptoms, including rectal bleeding, starting in their 20s, but did not connect the dots until a perforated colon incident after age 40.

Partially SupportedBlocking omega-6 fat metabolism through the soluble epoxide hydrolase pathway may alleviate chronic pain and potentially address the obesity epidemic.

Partially SupportedGastric bypass surgery can reduce overeating by severing gut sensors, but effectiveness may decrease as the gut heals.

Partially SupportedThe increase in chronic disease and obesity over the last 100 years is not solely explained by overeating, as it also affects animals consuming human foods.

Partially SupportedHigh linoleic acid content in maternal diets may contribute to infants being born overweight, potentially increasing C-section rates.

Partially SupportedReducing carbohydrate intake led to weight loss of approximately 20 pounds without being obese.

Partially SupportedLinoleic acid discussions require careful examination of interventional trials, mechanistic explanations, and epidemiological shortcomings to avoid cherry-picking studies.

Partially SupportedDrinking sugary water can trigger a low-grade increase in obesity.

Partially SupportedTucker Goodrich experienced severe health issues including vomiting blood, a suspected stroke at age 38, and acute diverticulitis with a perforated colon, which were not resolved by conventional dietary advice like increasing fiber.

Partially SupportedSoybean oil constitutes approximately 70% of the fats in the American diet and represents the most significant dietary change in the last 120 years.

Partially SupportedIndustrial processing of seeds concentrates linoleic acid, leading to problems in excess.

Partially SupportedOleic acid and OEA may block the production of satiety signals, potentially leading to hyperphagia.

Partially SupportedDiverticulitis generally appears after age 40.

Partially SupportedLDL cholesterol corrected for Lp(a) is a relevant metric for assessing cardiovascular risk.

Partially SupportedWheat and seed oils may cause health problems, including effects on sunburn susceptibility.

Partially SupportedHNE is a normal signaling molecule that signals repair and the need for angiogenesis, but can also cause decoupling of mitochondrial energy production and is a leading cause of DNA damage.

Partially SupportedThe body's antioxidant system, including glutathione, breaks down linoleic acid metabolites.

Partially SupportedThe discussion around linoleic acid ultimately leads back to LDL cholesterol levels.

Partially SupportedLDL is associated with incident cardiovascular disease only when LP little a cholesterol, a marker of oxidation, is included in its measurement.

Partially SupportedThe transformation of normal, non-toxic LDL into toxic particles is caused by the oxidation of omega-6 fats.

Partially SupportedClinoleic, an olive oil-based infusion, is an alternative to Intralipid that is less omega-6 rich and does not induce hyperglycemia in infants.

Partially SupportedOleic acid can induce overeating by producing a chemical similar to 2-AG called OEA, which acts as a stop-eating signal.

Partially SupportedA fish oil infusion, FDA-authorized for TPN, was used for a soy-allergic child when Intralipid could not be used.

Partially SupportedThe Seven Countries Study concluded that altering dietary fats, particularly saturated fat, was unlikely to fix health problems.

Partially SupportedCertain foods may act as 'food poisons' that disrupt brain and physiological function, beyond simply adding excess calories.