Mendelian randomization studies demonstrate that apoB is causal for cardiovascular disease, while HDL cholesterol is not.

“there is no ambiguity that a OB is causally related to atherosclerosis”

“and it turns out as we know now at least from the ctp inhibitors that you can't manipulate hdl and change outcomes and that's one of the elements of demonstrating an overall causal relationship and the mendelian randomization show hdl is not causal whereas they show apob is”