Laboratory procedures for isolating and quantifying DNA from plasma have been well-established for decades and are applicable to low-concentration samples.

“once we purify the dna once we have the plasma so the non-cellular compartment there is um laboratory procedures for isolating dna that have been you know well worked out for over many decades that we use in all different fields of biology and so we apply some methods there that have been optimized for these low concentrations of dna”