Biopsies of fat and muscle tissue provide limited sample sizes, leading to extrapolations about the entire body and potential variations in adaptations.

“even when we think about any biopsy study, we're taking 50 to 100 milligrams of tissue out of a single muscle or or site and then making a lot of extrapolations based on this tiny amount of tissue. We're saying is this representative of the the whole muscle? Is this representative of other muscles in the body? Um, and if we're doing a kind of pre-post design, then when you go back in, um, is it possible that the adaptations along that same muscle could vary slightly? So there's a lot of uh limitations to what is a a very cool very valuable technique.”