Checkpoint inhibitors like CTLA4 or PD1 blockers can induce an immune response similar to IL-2 in a subset of patients with specific mutations or high mutagenic burden.

“the next step would be using something called a checkpoint inhibitor so these are drugs that block the checkpoints on immune cells these are basically the breaks on the immune system and by dropping these checkpoint inhibitors on patients so things that block either ctla4 or pd1 being the two most well studied of these we have the same effect and this is an even broader subset of patients but again it's still quite narrow in the grand scheme of things and again it tends to only work in patients that either have specific mutations or patients that again have a very high mutagenic burden”