Paul Saladino· MD
i think most people would assume and certainly i would be part of that yeah you are you're still going to have a greater risk both for cardiovascular disease and for all cause mortality and and smoking's a good way it's a good place to start out this conversation because there's a very famous epidemiologist named bradford hill bradford hill had the bradford hill criterias these nine assessments that he made a very famous speech about and that has since become kind of the gold standard i think not just for you know testing the claim of causality like a lot of people try to make use of it as a way to say that something can be claimed as causal but really to kind of test whether you can make a claim of something being causal because if it's falling down in these assessments then there's a problem