Neuromodulators like dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine are essential for opening up neuroplasticity, allowing information and experiences to be mapped in the brain.

“So, to me, you're... I'm not reviewing your grant. But from a rational perspective, it seems that drugs that increase certain neuromodulators, like serotonin or dopamine, in a controlled way, and then coupling that with learning of some sort, sensory input of some sort, it makes sense that would lead to, could, I should say, lead to reordering of circuitry that would allow for better thinking, better mood, many of the same things that you've observed in the clinical trials for depression.”