Optimal use of ADHD medications involves combining them with behavioral exercises and potentially tapering off the drugs.

“And the ideal situation is one in which the total dosage of those compounds, those drugs, can be reduced over time as those circuits learn to come online through purely behavioral tools.”

“So you take a kid who has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and give them these drugs that increase transmission of dopamine and epinephrine and you think, wow, it's going to make them even more distractible and hyperactive and indeed, it has the opposite effect. It doesn't necessarily make them feel calm, but it makes them feel that they can focus, they really can anchor their attention. And the idea is that it's teaching those neural circuits or those neural circuits rather are teaching themselves to engage and to focus and concentrate.”

“The best use of things like aderall modafanil armodafanil, and rlinin is going to be to combine those treatments with behavioral exercises that actively engage the very circuits that you're trying to train up and enhance and then perhaps I want to highlight perhaps tapering off those drugs so that then one can use those circuits without any need for chemical intervention.”