Paul Saladino· MD
total fructose containing sugars had no harmful effect on any outcome in substitution or subtraction studies with a decrease seen in hemoglobin A1c in substitution studies furthermore there was an interaction by food source with specific food sources showing beneficial effects fruit and fruit juice or harmful effects sweetened milk and mixed sources in the conclusions here you can see although most food sources of these sugars especially fruit do not have a harmful effect in energy match substitutions with other macronutrients several food sources of fructose containing sugars especially sugar sweetened beverages containing high fructose corn syrup adding excess energy to diets have harmful effects no surprise there