Three days of water, coffee, or tea fasting can show signs of autophagy in circulating leukocytes.

“certain tissues are more sensitive like the liver and the brain actually and so you know we don't have a lot of human data on that in terms of like fasting. Exercise also activates it. We don't have a lot of great quality human data and that's for a lot of reasons. One is the tissues that are most responsive to fasting induced autophagy are not blood cells. In fact, like blood cells are pretty restricted in their response to fasted induced autophagy”

“given that fasting is one of our most potent ways to stimulate it in fact I would argue it's more potent than metformin which is an AM Pik activator more potent probably than exercise”

“I would expect as playing a major role in promoting health in response to fasting”

“So three days was enough to, at least, show signs of autophagy in circulating leukocytes.”

“When you say during... So what we did on circulating leukocytes is that we needed to wait for three or four days to see a massive induction of autophagy.”