Research by Carol Dweck and others has presented conflicting evidence and meta-analyses that challenge Baumeister's conclusions about willpower being a limited resource.

“some of the conflicting evidence that Carol D my colleague at Stanford school of medicine and researchers elsewhere have carried out metaanalyses and entirely new experiments which indeed in some cases contradict the findings of Bal Meister but more often than not contradict the conclusions that Bal Meister Drew about willpower”