Directing attention is associated with the frontal cortex, while involuntary attention is associated with the parietal or occipital cortex.

“I would say probably this ability to direct attention is most likely in frontal cortex. Um whereas this involuntary tension, sometimes we call it more bottom up attention or exogenous attention where it's activated by external stimulation. I would say that's probably more activated by things in the parietal cortex or even occipital cortex or auditory cortex depending on what that external stimulation is.”