A six-month intervention study included four groups: ad libitum feeding, 25% caloric restriction, 25% energy deficit (12.5% caloric restriction + exercise), and 10% weight loss via very low-calorie diet with maintenance.

“and when we designed the first part of our calorie study it was a six month intervention we had four groups a ad libitum group 25% caloric restriction another group being 25% energy deficient but half by caloric restriction 12 and a half% and half by increasing energy expenditure by exercise and the last group was weight loss 10% with very a low calorie diet and maintenance of this weight loss”