Individuals can be motivated by rewards and punishments, which vary in size and type across life stages.

“I like to think in terms of carrot and stick you know for those that don't know what that is because we have a lot of listeners from outside the US carrot you know carrot is the thing you're working towards the the enticing thing the reward stick is the is the punishment carrot and stick because frankly that's how the brain works carrot and stick right um and a lot of what we're talking about today is carrot and sticks of different different sizes different types etc for every stage of my career”