Andrew Huberman· PhD
there are the placebo effects the knowledge and belief and expectation about what a given treatment will do in some cases it's knowledge about what a given drug will do that improves the outcome achieved with that drug in some cases it's people being given a completely inert substance or solution like saline solution but being told this is going to help with your nausea symptoms this is going to help with your pain during your immunotherapy radiation Etc and those are real effects but they can only be explained by virtue of expectation and knowledge AKA Placebo effects