The Bradford Hill criteria, specifically consistency and specificity, are used to assess the causality of a health claim.

“there are two assessments in particular that i'd really want to bring up that are bradford hill related one is consistency consistency being that of course you would expect just like in the case of smoking that you could go into these different contexts and if you find a sizable enough population that you should see this likewise effect that you would expect to be shown and if that's the case then it's more and more likely that the common denominator that we're looking at is in fact the causal element the other is specificity”