Direct circuit stimulation, such as vagus nerve stimulation, shows promise for treating brain and body neural pathways.

“I'm also hearing that direct circuit stimulation holds great promise. Your work, people with spinal cord injury, tinnitus, enhancement of learning in non-injured people, some of that work has been done, not as much, for obvious reasons, treating disease is kind of the priority. Brain stimulation and neural pathway stimulation from the brain to body, AKA vagus stimulation, works. But it's not the whole picture. You also need very targeted training - Yep. - during the stimulation, to know exactly what patterns of neural firing you're trying to notch out, as we say, and which ones you're trying to exacerbate, to overtake the neural territory.”