Psychiatry lacks the fundamental understanding of its core circuits that cardiology has for the heart.

“In all of these cases though in psychiatry, the frustrating thing is that we don't have the level of understanding that a cardiologist has in thinking about the heart. You know, the heart is, we now know it's a pump. It's pumping blood. and so you can look at everything about how it's working or not working, in terms of that frame, it's clearly a pump. We don't really have that level of, what is the circuit really there for in psychiatry? That's what is missing. That's what we need to find, so we can design truly effective and specific treatments.”