Metformin's effect on cancer may involve amplifying lactate production or excessively inhibiting mitochondria, leading to apoptosis.

“In theory, it should amplify lactate by poisoning the mitochondria further and drive even greater upregulation of these signals. Unless, to your point earlier... it becomes so toxic to the mitochondria that the cell undergoes apoptosis. Yeah, that's what's in my opinion, and this is another thing that we want to do. But it's possibly that, yeah, because you're totally right, it can amplify the lactate as we know, so it can amplify that oncogenic or oncogenetic signaling. for carcinogenesis.”