Dopamine fluctuations correlate with motivation, with slower signals representing motivation and faster fluctuations representing expectation changes.

“And you might see something as a kind of an envelope, a slower changing thing, which is the kind of experiment you might do in a experimental psychology setup. And that would look like it correlated with motivation with all these little >> wandering things going on underneath.”

“those prediction errors are perfect signals for deciding how motivated you should be. How much should you want a thing by measuring uh AC across those kinds of signals.”

“Those changes in expectation encoded by positive and negative fluctuations in dopamine.”