A ketogenic diet or ketone ester supplementation increases beta-hydroxybutyrate in the gut lumen and colon tissue, directly inhibits growth of Prevotella, and reduces gut barrier-associated Th17 cells.

“both a ketogenic diet or ketone ester supplementation led to an increase in beta hydroxybutyrate in the lumen of the gut and in colon tissue and furthermore the the ketones themselves directly inhibited the growth of the phytobacterium so this is um quite interesting because we've seen a little bit of the photobacterium on a ketogenic diet in previous studies but they found that this time it was actually associated with a reduction in small intestinal th17 cells”