Andrew Huberman· PhD
beautiful work that's been done by the Zuker Lab, Z-U-K-E-R, Zuker Lab at Columbia University, as well as many other labs have used imaging techniques and other techniques such as molecular biology to define these so-called parallel pathways, parallel meaning pathways that represent sweet or the presence of sweet taste in the mouth and gut, parallel pathways, meaning neural circuits that represent the presence of salty tastes in the mouth and gut and so on, and that those go into the brain, move up through brain stem centers and up to the neocortex indeed where our seed of our conscious perception is to give us a sense and a perception of the components of the foods that we happen to be ingesting and a sense and a perception of the fluids and the components of those fluids that we happen to be ingesting.