Paul Saladino· MD
I also suspect that with this change I will see oxidized phospholipids on apoB go DOWN while LDL goes UP.
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I also suspect that with this change I will see oxidized phospholipids on apoB go DOWN while LDL goes UP.
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we do see about a 20% increase in apob when people have more saturated fat and less polyunsaturated fats potentially for the reasons I mentioned earlier oxidative stress in liver leading to degradation of a 100 there's also a model called the homeoviscous model of adaptation looking at the fluidity of membranes and the way that the body might insert cholesterol versus not insert cholesterol into the membrane to maintain the fluidity
Polyunsaturated fats overall lower the amount of LDL getting into the inima. So you have less getting in less being accessible for oxidation since it occurs there mostly not the plasma. But a bigger point is there's other aspects of these lipoproteins that make aggregation happen.
Think about um the LDL cholesterol in your bloodstream or let's just say Apo B containing particles in your bloodstream being a bonfire, okay? And there's a whole forest around it. Now the forest around it is your your blood vessels and your um and if you start a forest fire that's cardiovascular disease right now bonfires they give off sparks right let's say each spark is an LDL particle right you don't want the force to catch on fire if you have polyunsaturated fatenriched fatty acids Maybe each individual particle is a little bit more flammable, right? More a little bit more prone to oxidation. But when you eat high polyunsaturated fats versus saturated fat, the your bonfire shrinks quite a bit. The amount of LDL in your bloodstream shrinks quite a bit. You give off way less sparks. Way less sparks hit the forest. And oh, by the way, if I was being uh actually accurate, some of those sparks are much more likely to bounce back into the fire compared to staying in the forest where they can start a fire. Also, these particles tend to uh even if they get into the forest, these sparks, they tend to not clump up and be prone to causing a forest fire. They tend to scatter. That's polyunsaturated fat enriched lipoproteins.
You're still having to weigh it against the other things that progress cardiovascular disease. And on balance, you're still better off with the polyunsaturated fats because they do lower the amount that gets into the inima. They lower the amount that gets retained because it's less likely that APOB will get enzyatically modified.
So the APOB molecule itself is less prone to enzyatic modification on LDLs that are enriched with polyunsaturated fats compared to saturated fat. Further LDL molecules are enriched with saturated fat. Their membranes are stiffer and more rigid because of the packing that we talked about. Whereas those enriched with polyunsaturated fats are less rigid. They're more fluid and that has a big impact on aggregation.
So the overall the overall effect is okay polyunsaturated fats decrease the number of particles that are getting into the inima. They also overall decrease them being retained there because the apo is less prone to modification and they are less prone to aggregation if they are retained there compared to lipoproteins that are enriched with saturated fat.