In rodents, hunger can flip the role of dopamine to encode punishment prediction errors instead of reward prediction errors.

“In rodents it's very clear uh I guess at the level of the amydala if you make a rodent hungry then you can show that dopamine will encode um something like punishment prediction errors not reward prediction errors. In other words it does it's like it flips its role. It's like if you're in a how hungry do you have to be? I don't know how it feels to be a hungry rat but um imagine that it put it in an emergency state.”