Andrew Huberman· PhD
Neurons in your gut that sense nutrients, not taste, drive powerful motivational circuits that shape behaviors. Especially for sugar.
The evidence is convergent. Multiple independent sources reach the same conclusion, the underlying mechanism is well-characterized, and even the field's most cautious voices treat it as worth doing.
Neurons in your gut that sense nutrients, not taste, drive powerful motivational circuits that shape behaviors. Especially for sugar.
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When you eat something sweet within your stomach, you have cells, neurons, that sense the presence of sugary foods independent of their taste and signal to the brain. So those sensors, those neurons send information up the vagus to your brain goes through a series of stations. And then you release dopamine. This molecule that makes you want more of whatever it is that you just ingested.
Among the essential amino acids, there's one in particular that can trigger the release of CCK very potently, and that's glutamine.
That you have neurons in your gut that are craving, they're seeking essential fatty acids and they're craving and seeking amino acids from your food.
These neurons will fire a lot to the brain that says, Hey, whatever you're doing up there, do more of it, okay?
for many people, the solution to sugar cravings is to ingest a small amount, maybe a teaspoon or so of an amino acid called glutamine. And if you have really extreme sugar cravings, you can even mix that glutamine with a full-fat cream, which actually makes it taste pretty darn good. And you drink that anytime you have a sugar craving or just a sip or two of that. And we find is that the sugar cravings disappear, because you're basically giving fat and amino acids to those neurons in the gut and in the intestine, that signal to the brain that you want more.
We all have neurons in our gut that sense the amino acid content, the fat content, and the sugar content of the foods that we eat, and signal in a subconscious way to our brain whether or not the foods that we are eating contain certain levels of certain amino acids. And so we actually have glutamine-sensing neurons in our gut that actually have their little processes, their little axons and dendrites, as we call them, in the mucosal lining of the gut. They're not just sensing glutamine, but when they do sense glutamine, they respond, and they send signals to the brain that are signals of satiation, of satisfaction. And in doing so, can offset some of the sugar cravings that many people suffer from.
The fact that these neuropod cells and I should say other neurons within the gut respond very robustly to the presence of particular amino acids is also a potential lever by which one could reduce sugar cravings.
I could be wrong about this. And I'm happy to be wrong. I'm often wrong. And told I'm wrong, that we have cells within our gut that don't just sense sugar, glucose to be specific, but also cells within our gut that sense amino acids and fatty acids. I could imagine a scenario where one could train themselves to feel immense amounts of satiety from the consumption of foods that are rich in essential fatty acids, amino acids, perhaps less caloric or less insulin dysregulating than sugar.
some people have taken to uh a teaspoon or so of glut of glutamine in some water or other drink couple times throughout the day as a way to reduce their sugar Cravings because what's essentially doing is it's tricking the pathway into into activation of those neurons through an alternate uh ligan receptor interaction right
In fact, this pathway is so powerful that they've done experiments where they completely numb all the taste and feeling in somebody's mouth. They're blindfolded so they don't know what they're eating. And they're eating a food that's either sugary or not sugary. And what they find is that even though people can't taste the sugary food, they crave more of the food that contains sugar because of the sensors in the gut that sense sugar.
We actually have glutamine sensing neurons in our gut that actually have their little processes, their little um axons and dendrites as we call them in the mucosal lining of the gut.