It is difficult to fully separate the health benefits of a whole foods diet from its caloric intake, as people may struggle to consume the same number of calories on a whole foods diet compared to an ultra-processed diet.

“so i'm not sure if we can totally uncouple the effects of the health promoting effects of such a you know diet rich in fiber and rich in whole foods from its uh caloric intake just because a lot of people struggle with uh hitting those those caloric numbers that they would otherwise easily hit on a standard american diet”